Impact

From its beginnings in the late nineteenth century when Atlanta was building its business and monetary base, The Coca-Cola Company has filled in as an impetus for progress. Throughout the years the organization has made noteworthy community and monetary commitments that have, thus, bolstered and fortified the city that Atlanta has become. The company’s nearness can be felt all over the city †through its colleges, city and charitable foundations, and its open spaces. Giving back locally has for quite some time been an organization need, and that custom of network bolster proceeds with today at Pemberton Place.Named for Dr. John S. Pemberton, the drug specialist who designed Coca-Colaâ ® in Atlanta in 1886, the 20-section of land complex is presently home to the Georgia Aquarium and the NEW World of Coca-Colaâ ® (opening May 2007). †¢ Land Grants: The Coca-Cola Company gave nine sections of land to the Georgia Aquarium and 2. 5 sections of land to the City of Atlanta for development of a human rights place. †¢ Green Space for Atlanta: The land between the New World of Coca-Cola and Georgia Aquarium includes five sections of land of green space to downtown Atlanta. The Impact:* The consolidated assessed financial effect of the Georgia Aquarium and the New World of Coca-Cola is more than $105 million every year for Atlanta. †¢ Jobs: The two attractions will make in excess of 2,700 immediate and prompted changeless employments. †¢ Visitation: One million individuals are required to visit the New World of Coca-Cola every year. †¢ 19 percent of the attraction’s guests are relied upon to originate from abroad. †¢ Estimates show that 44 percent of away guests to Pemberton Place will remain over night in nearby inns bringing about more than $1 million in charge income for each year.Key Milestones: Coca-Cola and Atlanta Impact The company’s long history of network support incorporates: †¢ Asa Candler, an organ ization author, gave $1 million to help settle the expenses of building up Emory University. †¢ Robert Woodruff, leader of The Coca-Cola Company for a long time, drove the push to make sure about the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) central station. The CDC’s yearly financial effect in Georgia is $2. 5 million. †¢ Brothers Robert and George Woodruff gave around $105 million to Emory University in 1979, which around then was the biggest single blessing to an instructive organization in the ation’s history. †¢ Centennial Olympic Park got an endowment of $33 million from The Coca-Cola Company (almost 50% of the park’s all out expense). †¢ The Coca-Cola Company contributed $10 million to help the development of another Symphony Hall. †¢ The organization contributed $1 million (remembering for kind help) to the Brand Atlanta Campaign. †¢ The organization sold the structure for the current World of Coca-Cola to the State o f Georgia for a small amount of its evaluated esteem. Alongside a considerable lot of its neighborhood bottlers, The Coca-Cola Company has a huge effect on networks in every nation where it operates.Estimates show that for each activity inside The Coca-Cola Company framework, 10 extra employments are made locally. Moreover, the organization gives assets to various network based activities around the globe, including: Did you Know? Around the globe: The Coca-Cola Company Citizenship Highlights †¢ Vietnam: Launched the Coca-Cola Pushcart Project, which has given handcarts, beginning item and deals preparing for in excess of 4,000 hindered Vietnamese ladies since 2002. Kenya: Partnered with CARE to bring wells and water storerooms to 45 schools in western Kenya.†¢ Land Grants: The Coca-Cola Company gave nine sections of land to the Georgia Aquarium and 2. 5 sections of land to the City of Atlanta for development of a human rights community. †¢ Green Space for Atlanta: Th e land between the New World of Coca-Cola and Georgia Aquarium includes five sections of land of green space to downtown Atlanta. †¢ The Impact:* The joined evaluated monetary effect of the Georgia Aquarium and the New World of Coca-Cola is more than $105 million every year for Atlanta. Employments: The two attractions will make in excess of 2,700 immediate and actuated changeless occupations. †¢ Visitation: One million individuals are relied upon to visit the New World of Coca-Cola every year. †¢ 19 percent of the attraction’s guests are required to originate from abroad. †¢ Estimates show that 44 percent of away guests to Pemberton Place will remain over night in neighborhood inns bringing about more than $1 million in charge income for each year.Key Milestones: Coca-Cola and Atlanta Impact The company’s long history of network support incorporates: Asa Candler, an organization originator, gave $1 million to help settle the expenses of building up Emory University. †¢ Robert Woodruff, leader of The Coca-Cola Company for a long time, drove the push to make sure about the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) central command. The CDC’s yearly financial effect in Georgia is $2. 5 million. †¢ Brothers Robert and George Woodruff gave roughly $105 million to Emory University in 1979, which around then was the biggest single blessing to an instructive organization in the nation’s history. Centennial Olympic Park got an endowment of $33 million from The Coca-Cola Company (almost 50% of the park’s all out expense). †¢ The Coca-Cola Company contributed $10 million to help the development of another Symphony Hall. †¢ The organization contributed $1 million (remembering for kind help) to the Brand Atlanta Campaign. †¢ The organization sold the structure for the current World of Coca-Cola to the State of Georgia for a small amount of its evaluated esteem. Alongside a large number o f its neighborhood bottlers, The Coca-Cola Company has a critical effect on networks in every nation where it operates.Estimates demonstrate that for each activity inside The Coca-Cola Company framework, 10 extra occupations are made locally. Furthermore, the organization dedicates assets to various network based activities around the globe, including: Did you Know? Around the globe: The Coca-Cola Company Citizenship Highlights †¢ Vietnam: Launched the Coca-Cola Pushcart Project, which has given carts, introductory item and deals preparing for in excess of 4,000 distraught Vietnamese ladies since 2002. †¢ Kenya: Partnered with CARE to bring wells and water storerooms to 45 schools in western Kenya.

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Recycled Blackberry Phones Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reused Blackberry Phones - Assignment Example This undertaking has been taken into worry to structure a fitting venture the board plan for reused Blackberry telephones. For making this venture effective, different techniques that have been received by the organization in the past will be profoundly broke down upon. As a task supervisor, tentative arrangements of activities will be chosen dependent on the past systems received and executed by the organization. Additionally, the potential investors who can give variable measure of commitment in the reusing procedure will likewise be recognized. As a venture administrator, it will be one of the essential obligations to make a very much broadened SMART task scope which can be adequately used in the general reusing procedure of Blackberry telephones. The undertaking will likewise incorporate an all around enhanced arrangement concerning the succession of exercises in a bit by bit process that will be executed in an opportune and methodical way. Likewise, composed archives concerning the specific measure of assets that will be required for the execution of the undertaking will be kept up. Besides, another arrangement concerning HR will be created alongside the expansive rule that will be received for recognizable proof the achievement or the disappointment of the venture (BlackBerry, 2013; Cleland and Ireland, 2006; Verizon Wireless, 2013). Partners These elements may incorporate the workers of Blackberry, providers and wholesalers of crude materials alongside completed merchandise. What's more, certain different partners like the leasers of the organization alongside the clients whose job are viewed as significant in deciding the general benefit of an association would be taken into concern. ... Partners The partners in this reusing procedure will incorporate various substances that will straightforwardly or by implication get influenced by the venture particularly in an agreed way. These elements may incorporate the representatives of Blackberry, providers and merchants of crude materials alongside completed merchandise. Moreover, certain different partners like the loan bosses of the organization alongside the clients whose job are viewed as significant in deciding the general benefit of an association would be taken into concern. Being the task supervisor, it is very expected to guarantee that different re-appropriated organizations which can convey useful thoughts relating to the dispatch of new applications and projects in Blackberry telephones are likewise should have been remembered for the rundown of the potential partners. Exceptionally referencing, the above distinguished partners would have a basic influence in building up the general venture the board arranging m ethodology and in particular upgrading the dynamic system by a significant level. It is normal that the jobs which play by the perceived partners would inevitably normalize the progressing practicality of the venture by a more noteworthy degree (Groman, 2007). Venture Management Plan This segment of the undertaking the executives plan would hold the top most need in effective fruition of the task concerning reused Blackberry telephones (Hossenlopp, 2010). So as to execute the arrangement in a precise and proper way, a couple of the most fitting activities will be attempted that would give more noteworthy guide in fast beginning of the undertaking (Hossenlopp, 2010). These activities have been explained hereunder. Gathering and orchestrating all reports identifying with the accessibility

Lack of staff training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Absence of staff preparing - Essay Example The preparation and improvement of staff is prevalently founded on the way that staff aptitudes bear direct connection with the development of the association and the prerequisite to develop the ability is to cause the association to develop. Preparing is viewed as an orderly method of creating information, perspectives and aptitudes of workers to assist them with performing as well as could be expected in their separate occupation jobs. The newcomers in associations have a wide range of abilities and might be had some expertise in an assortment of specializations. In any case, the abilities may not be according to the hierarchical needs and prerequisites. This is the place the requirement for preparing and improvement discovers significance in the hierarchical setting. It helps the staff in taking the association towards its objectives and goals. This venture means to address the issues which may emerge because of the absence of staff preparing in associations (Olaniyan and Ojo, 200 8, p.326). Preparing, both socially, genuinely, intellectually and mentally are viewed as critical for encouraging the profitability of the association and furthermore for improvement of the staff in the association. ... The association picked for the intention is the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) which has chosen to make interests in the preparation and advancement of its staff (WHICH, 2011). The writing survey delivers the steady and repudiating contentions for the subject. The examination additionally makes an essential research on the theme. This is finished by utilizing the technique for poll. At long last the information gathered is dissected and dependent on the examination the undertaking makes reasonable proposals for the equivalent (Olaniyan and Ojo, 2008, p.326). Section 1: Literature Review The interest of the commercial center for quality, speed, customization, promptness, and assortment or administrations and items has been answerable for drastically changing the scene for directing business over the world. Innovation utilization, the tenacious speed with which innovation has been changing and overhauling it, abilities which the working environments request have totally changed the corpo rate situation. The expanded weight which has been originating from these components is going about as the main thrust behind the consistent quest for improved and better execution. This is material for the littlest and least difficult of assignments to the most intricate corporate procedures in associations today. The idea of this dynamic learning and execution of people particularly at the administration levels have been liable for changing over it into a futile daily existence which doesn't have an end goal. The more extensive point of view shows that the individual learning and execution goes about as the prime factor which keeps associations ahead or behind their rivals (Kunneman, Key and Sleezer, 2000, p.40). In the year 1998, an examination was directed by the Training Magazine in US revealed that associations in the country had been

Humor in Stephen Crane’s “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” Essay

Stephen Crane’s short story â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky† is considered by numerous individuals to be an artful culmination. One author even called it â€Å"the most prominent story ever written.† One of the reasons the story is so acceptable is that Crane utilizes funniness to make some genuine focuses about individuals as a rule and the Old West specifically. In the initial segment of the story, Crane depicts Jack Potter and his new spouse as silly characters. In addition to the fact that they are ungainly with one another, however they are likewise totally strange in the extravagant railroad vehicle that is taking them to the Yellow Sky. Crane makes us see them through the eyes of the deigning watchman and different travelers, who continue giving the couple â€Å"stares or criticizing enjoyment†. Jack’s dread about how the individuals of Yellow Sky will respond to his marriage is additionally entertaining in light of the fact that we would expect a town marshal to be daring, not terrified of the individuals he is paid to secure. Part II presents another funny circumstance a solitary alcoholic can startle an entire town since Jack Potter is away. This circumstance is particularly amusing a result of an unexpected differentiation that the peruser definitely thinks about. The man the townspeople are relying upon to secure them is a similar man we have recently learned is hesitant to disclose to them he is hitched. Part II likewise incorporates the silly character of the clueless voyaging sales rep, whose inexorably unsettled inquiries regarding Scratchy Wilson set the state for the showdown the peruser realizes will happen. Crane is as a result setting us up for the â€Å"punch line† of his story. First we find out about the seething, fearsome alcoholic who is threatening the town-and afterward we see him. In Part III we get a nearby glance at this Scratchy Wilson, whom we are as far as anyone knows arranged for. From the outset, he behaves like a run of the mill Wild West lowlife. Be that as it may, we before long learn insights concerning him that cause him to appear to be ludicrous. For a certain something, he wears a shirt made by ladies in New York City and boots supported by young men in New England, scarcely the outfit we would anticipate that a true Western reprobate should wear. Actually, these subtleties are the reader’s first trace of what will create as Crane’s significant topic: that the West is not, at this point a horrendously wild spot. The lengths Scratchy goes to so as to alarm a canine likewise demonstrate him to be somewhat ridiculous as an awful guy. Scratchy may thunder and howl â€Å"terrible invitations† to battle, however Crane tells us precisely how frightening he truly is: â€Å"The quiet adobe protected their aura at the death of this little thing in the street.† In Part IV, Crane at long last brings his two significant characters together for a confrontation that is clever on the grounds that it disillusions our desires. Confronting Scratchy down without a weapon, Potter ends up being similarly as support as we have been persuaded, yet as a miscreant, Scratchy ends up being pretty effortlessly curbed. Given the updates on Potter’s marriage, he loses all his danger and tragically leaves. Amusingly, he is vanquished not by savage power or sheer boldness yet rather by â€Å"a outside condition† that he doesn't comprehend. His reality is out of nowhere flipped around by Potter’s news. Savage, weapon toting alcoholics and the brave town marshals who battle them shouldn't have spouses. When the lady of the hour comes to Yellow Sky, the principles of the game are distinctive to the point that Scratchy no longer realizes how to play. As indicated by one pundit, Donald B. Gibson, the purpose of Crane’s story is that by the late 1800’s, the Wild West was dead, despite the fact that a few people living there didn't understand it. While Jack Potter has stepped toward acclimating to the changed world he lives in, Scratchy is basically dumbfounded by it. Gibson’s translation bodes well and it gets at the core of the diversion in Crane’s story. Be that as it may, one can't resist the opportunity to presume that Crane is accomplishing more than just ridiculing the shows of the Western. That would make his story a clever satire, yet absolutely not a gem. Crane is additionally giving us what befalls a general public on the move, a culture whose qualities are in a condition of motion. A â€Å"simple offspring of the prior plains†, Scratchy Wilson is a chronological error, a man who winds up strange generally. Fortunately, he has the passing mark and great sense to understand his scrape and leave what he can't comprehend. Be that as it may, who knows-maybe some time or another he’ll get himself a lady of the hour and take her back to Yellow Sky.

The Essay Writing Sample Review

The Essay Writing Sample ReviewAt times you may want to buy good quality essay writing samples. I had many such instances with my friend who works in the Software industry and he wanted to help me out by suggesting some of the best writing books that are available.When I bought his book, I made sure to get it as soon as possible so that I could put it to use. This way I could teach myself how to write a great essay. I was right, when I realized that I didn't have a clue about how to write an essay and I could never come up with a topic to research about.When I became a master at writing my first course, I immediately started looking for ways to improve my writing abilities. And since this was my friend's book, I started reading it to learn more about writing an essay.The book gave me the freedom to explore the topics I needed to research on. It was a great experience to start to see how I could do a better job than my last experience with writing an essay. I even managed to win some competitions using the resources I learned from the book.That was one of the things I liked the most about the book. I knew that it gave me a little of everything that I needed, but it also gave me the tools that would allow me to customize my writing process. By using this book, I got a chance to understand how the process of writing essays really works.I would highly recommend you try out some of the essays available in the essay samples section of the site. It is worth it to get your hands on the best essay writing book available.You can find many essay writing books like this online, so make sure to look around for some of the best essay samples around. I recommend that you try out writing essays that will help you hone your writing skills.I think the only reason why people don't look into these essay samples is because they are afraid of writing a bad essay. If you have the courage to take that first step into better writing, then I hope you find yourself winning some serious e ssay writing competitions.

BMW Differentiation Strategy Essay - 825 Words

BMW Differentiation Strategy (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDate of submissionBMW Differentiation Strategy BMW has been at the forefront in the automobile industry given its unique ways of presenting products to customers. The Company has Connected Drive Services and Apps, which consumers can use to remain in touch with people. Apart from the social networks, the Connected Drive Services provide Real Time Traffic Information (RTTI) and the innovative Apps for Automotive (A4A) technology (BMW Automobiles). Consumers can use RTTI to see traffic situations in different areas, thus being in a position to avoid huge traffic. The application computes the delays anticipated in a highway up to within 500 meters, and offers alternative routes. The operating concept of the BMW makes it possible for consumers to use A4A technology in operating many Smartphone applications. In addition, BMW users can make use of the internet to find directions to different places. BMW also has the Efficient Dynamics that reduce emissio n and fuel consumption in a move to enhance sustainable mobility and performance. The BMW e-Drive and BMW Active Hybrid concept distinguish BMWs motor designs from those of other companies. The ability to electrify cars takes driving to a new dimension and increases pleasure (BMW Automobiles). The idea is an energy-saving-technique that is highly supported in the 21st Century as a way of enhancing environmental sustainability. The Company has ensured that all its models emit small amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere per kilometer. Moreover, there is the BMW TV international, overall unique design, and accessories. For example, the company makes complete top-class tires and wheels that assure users of safety during winter. Such tires can operate at temperatures below 70C with dominant effects on driving response. On the issue of competitive advantage from the differentiation strategy that BMW applies in its car assembly, the aspect of safety becomes a key feature that persuades consum ers to prefer the products to those of the competitors (Trout par. 3). Even though BMW cars are more expensive than the rival models like the Toyota Corolla and the Nissan X-Trail, the safety and stability aspects make the company to gain competitive edge over the perennial competitors. The success of this strategy is evident with the continuous purchase of the companys cars for security and authority reasons (BMW Automobiles). From the environmental perspective, automobiles have been the main emitters of harmful gases into the atmosphere. Industries are struggling to reduce emissions in their operations in order to minimize global warming. Therefore, the BMWs car models that produce a maximum of 140g/ km of CO2 are not only benefiting the present generation, but also the future generation, as they do not deprive them the opportunity to interact with a green environment. Such eco-friendly vehicles are also receiving international recognition through organizations like UNEP and NASA since they con...

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Peace Building through Community Involvement - 1281 Words

For it isn’t enough to talk of peace, one must believe in it. And it isn’t enough to believe in peace, one must work at it. -Eleanor Roosevelt Over the course of history, society, economy, and political affiliations have all exhibited devastating impacts sought on by violence in conflict. As seen in the media, violence in all forms, whether it be direct violence or structural violence, have had reoccurring themes of halted or negative development and have been linked to psychological trauma in those who have personally witnessed or been a victim of violent acts. Although conflict is inevitable in a world with a variety of different cultural beliefs, political systems and resource availability, there are a variety of ways in which conflicts can be resolved without resorting to the use of violence. Within many fragile contexts, or state structures that lack political will or capacity to provide the basic functions needed for poverty reduction, development and to safeguard the security and human rights of their population,† (OECD DAC, 2007), communities have maintained impressive resiliency qualities. Through the development of community-based peace building organizations, communities that exist within fragile contexts would have the tools to maintain resiliency and sustainability during violent conflicts. The term peace building was originally coined by Johan Galtung in the 1970’s and has since been redefined by several international institutions and NGOs (UnitedShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Police And African American Community1130 Words   |  5 Pagesshooting of an unarmed black teenager (Lanham).† The tension between police system and black communities in the United States has been increasing since past few years. After the death of Michele Brown, policing in America has been criticized by all levels of people. Looking at the Ferguson incident, intervention is necessary for the peaceful land of this racial conflict between police and African-American community. Most of the intractable conflicts require some sort of intervention from third partiesRead MoreThe Management Of Islamic State Under The Caliphate Rules And Dogma1599 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues as political system with religion Caliphate dogma. A. First Strategy Options will remain the key objectives that primary focus in the â€Å"golden ring†. The strategy Ends are to; (1) destroy the ISIL, (2) stable democratic Iraqi Government, (3) peace agreement over Syrian civil war, (4) operate under large NATO coalition, and (5) built professional Iraqi Security Forces to deal with internal threats. 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In order to improve the conflict in the Niger Delta, the government and oil companies need to allow more involvement of women and people as voters and elected officials, and create or adhere a s ustainable environmental regulations plan. The poor relationship between the oil companies and the communities in the Niger Delta is not sudden, it s historical context dates back to as early as the 1930 s and 1950 s. It was 1937 when two British oil companiesRead MoreParticipation Of A Democratic System Of Governance1575 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers To promote youth-friendly community-based development planning exercises in a participative and inclusive manner (youth advisory boards) To encourage the youths be agent of change in good governance and accountability Scope of the Problem Decreasing levels of youth participation in elections and shrinking membership in political parties and traditional social organizations provide ample evidence of the dramatic decline of traditional political involvement among youth. 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Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze opportunity and challenges for the association of Southeast Asia Nation (ASEAN) to promote trade and economic integration in the region. In this report we attempted to study the involvement factors towards the achievement of ASEAN, include economic, political and some other factors contributing to the success of ASEAN. The study structure of this report starts with the background history of ASEAN countries that what the reason isRead MoreU.s. Relations With Arab Nations Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgeopolitical atmosphere and security. The vast number of resources both in the Middle East and the United States provide a point of common ground to build peaceful relations through trade. International trade is an extremely important tool within the global community as it helps to build relations. In order to aid in building trust with Arab Nations, the United States must rely on more than military and political enterprises as tools to of foreign policy. U.S. interest in trade and investment stemsRead More Role of Non-violence in Reducing Juvenile Gangs and Crime Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagestremendously.   Between 1983 and 1992 juvenile arrests increased 117% (U.S. Department of Justice, 12).   This suggests an increase in the growing involvement of young people in violent crimes.  Ã‚   To relieve this problem nationally and globally, we need to adapt the use of nonviolence into our culture.   We can do this by understanding the basic principles of nonviolence our peace leaders have practiced and develop strategies for their incorporation into our daily lives.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most familiar typeRead MoreCommunity Immersion1465 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Fundamentals of Community Immersion Engaging to different community service is the proper way to put in action what has been discussed inside the school. This will give you better understanding of different phases to communicate to the community and how to react in every situation it is facing. During the immersion, the students are expected to collaborate with the community especially in implementing the project proposal they came up. Thus, the project

Why Crimes Are Committed - 969 Words

The focus of Samuel Walker s Sense and Nonsense About Crime and Drugs is crime reduction strategies. Some that work, and others that, as the title implies, are nonsense. The fifth edition of the Criminology textbook discusses a wide variety of criminal justice aspects, including; who commits crime and why; the history of studying crime and various attempts at reducing and dealing with crime. Criminology is, in essence, the study of why people omit crimes. In some instances, the two books agree, in others, they do not. Throughout the United States and internationally, many different efforts have been made to understand and combat crime. Some of these attempts are basic and seem commonsense, some are more drastic. An example is†¦show more content†¦Another myth presented in Walker s book is that many habitual drunk drivers beat the system. This assumes that the criminal justice system does not adequately deal with the violators and that a few individuals represent all o f society s drunk drivers (Criminology 119). These statements fail to address the totality of the facts. In reality, almost 60% of those killed in alcohol related accidents are the drunk drivers themselves, and another 20% are their passengers Criminology 119). It has been determined by Walkers point of view to be nearly impossible to determine who will be the drunk drivers based on their records, since most do not have previous records. Some deterrents for drinking and driving that are mentioned in the Criminology text are giving the proceeds from a drunk drivers car forfeiture to victims of his crime, branding drunk drivers with bright orange license plates, reducing the time that bars can serve alcohol and their happy hours, as well as making bartenders liable for any damages caused due to over serving customers (Criminology 369). As for the system being too lenient on drunk drivers, that is not substantiated. There are heavy mandatory minimum fines, automatic license suspe nsion and possible jail time as consequences. Sense and Nonsense mentions deterrents involving short term stings and crackdowns where officers are allowed to administer a breathalyzer to any vehicle they choose.Show MoreRelatedWhy Crimes Are Committed By African Americans1744 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American criminologists presenting different research studies in regards to many different reasons and possible conclusions as to why crimes are committed by African Americans. For the most part, the criminologists all take an approach on how racism plays a huge role in the criminal activity of African Americans. 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The property crime rate went from 100 per 100,000 to 400 per 100,000. Despite the large increase in crime during the recession many of the white-collar offenders were never apprehended. The recession initially occurred due to the corporate fraud and illegal investment practices but they were not apprehended like the people who committed blue-collar crimes. This failureRead MoreWhat is the Social Bond Theory?1154 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many theories that try to explain why crime is committed. Theres the strain theory, the Social disorganization theory, the Different association theory and many others. But the one that I think best explains why crime is committed is the social bond theory. It is very straightforward and it expla ins what leads to a crime. The social bond theory states that a persons view toward a society determines if a person will be a criminal or not. This theory has some downsides to it but I willRead MoreThe Strain Theory Was Formulated By Robert K. Merton1088 Words   |  5 Pagesoften would mistake his odd behaviors as a simple childhood or teenage stage. Before the school shooting, Lanza had killed his mother by lethal force at her Newton house. Lanza had shot 6 children and 20 adults fatally. After all was done, Lanza had committed suicide by shooting himself in the head. The theory that could most likely explain what happened beyond this act would be the strain theory. The strain theory was formulated by Robert K. Merton. Merton argued that â€Å"society may be set up in a wayRead Morecriminology paper1699 Words   |  7 Pagesto Crime Strain causes people to act against the law, breaking laws to attain their means. Merton’s theory on strain and anomie provides us with reasons for why the offender committed the crime break and enter. Merton’s strain theory shows us that the offender understood the norms of society but could not attain the means of it, he needed money go back to his girlfriend who was out west. Merton’s theory states that an individual who is lacking in social forms is more likely to commit crime dueRead MoreDeterrence Does Not Work? Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I am going to discuss what some of the ideas are when it comes thinking as to why deterrence does not work, which could be that the harsher the crime, the harsher the punishment for many of the crimes committed. It could mean that it does not work because the offender maybe becomes aware of the punishment. However, it could be because of the notion of impulsivity which connected and is almost everywhere within a society where there has been a connection to the idea of rational choicesRead MoreEssay on White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherlands definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with thisRead MoreCrime Displacement And Diffusion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Crime displacement and diffusion is a major concern in the United States. Crime neither seem to be increasing nor decrease throughout the years. Displacement brings more consequences and can occur when a harm is produced by displacement crime before the intervention. There are three theories that help explain why crime are committed, who are targeted and how to prevent from being a potential target. Being aware of your surroundings is extremely important. Analyzing offenders, victims andRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control893 Words   |  4 Pagescommit a crime. According to a CNN article, a felon named Dylann Roof bought his gun at a local gun store in Charleston even though he had earlier been arrested for trespassing and drug possession. If this is the case, dont you think any felon would just continue to commit other, worse crimes? Well most would say yes, which is why these laws need to be stricter and guns can not be as accessible as they are today due to suicide and homic ide rates that are on the rise as well as the mass crime being

Akenaten Essay Example For Students

Akenaten Essay The influence Amenhotep IV had on art and religion of his time caused him to be one of the most controversial Egyptian pharaohs of all time. The 10th king of the 18th dynasty, he has been called the most remarkable king to sit on Egypts throne. He has also earned the honor of being called the first individual in human history. 1The cult of Aten did develop before his rule, perhaps as early as 1411 B.C. It paid homage to the sun, its central idea was living on maat, that is, variously translated as righteousness, justice, and truth. The doctrine of this religion failed to win the approval or support of any but Akhenatens followers. It is said that cult of Aten did not have an ethical code. It centered around gratitude towards life the sun for life and warmth. Ankh was life the force that the sun-disk (Atens ) rays bestowed on man in most of the art.The people could not pray directly to Aten. They directed their prayers instead to the king, who was the only person who could directly pray to Aten. The religion was such an intellectual and introspective nature that the people couldnt understand it. Therefore, it was inevitable that it would not gain popularity.2Akhenatens father was Amenhotep III, who reigned from 1358-1340. He made a break from tradition when he married a commoner, Tiy, who became Akhenatens mother.3 He was raised in a traditional manner, but he eventually showed a preference to worship the god Aten, rather than the traditional Amun. For some time he ruled as co- regent with his father. He changed his name early in his reign from Amenhotep IV to Akhenaten, meaning One who pleases Aten. His wife, commonly known as Nefertiti, became Neter-Nefru-Aten, meaning, Beautiful is the beauty of Aten.4When he changed his name, it was like a formal declaration of his new religion. He moved the capital of Egypt to a place now called Tell el Amarna Akhenaton and in year 6 of his reign began to build a new city which he called Akhenetaton The Place of Atens Effective Power. He swore an oath never to go beyond the bounds of the city. This is today taken not to mean that he would never leave it, but that he wouldnt push the bounds of the city beyond designated boundary stones.5In the first few years Akhenaten instituted some changes. He began to build a place to worship a new form of the sun-god, Aten, the disk of the sun. The god had been little known for two generations before him. Aten was shown always as the sun disk, never in animal or human form, with the rays extending towards man with the blessing of life. He was worshipped in new open temples instead of in dark temples. 6Akhenaten was a strange figure, spiritually and physically. Some scholars have questioned his ability to father children, but he did have six daughters. Some believe they were fathered by Akhenatens father, Amenhotep III. It was even proposed that Akhenaten was a woman masquerading as a man with a wife and children. The notion was formed because Akhenaten really did have a feminine-like, plump figure. Possibly an eunuch. Although the many representations of Akhenaten give him a very plump appearance, his anatomy in them still presents a clear contrast to that of his wife. But most people answer with the same shared belief as Flinders Petrie, Is it credible that the most uxorious king of Egypt, who appears with his wife on every monument, who rides side by side with her in a chariot, and kisses her in public, who dances her on his knee, who has a steadily increasing family, that this king either a women in masquerade or an eunuch? And in the supposed death mask that was found at Anarna, this contention is supported. It does not show the face of a woman. It show the face of a man. .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 , .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .postImageUrl , .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 , .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:hover , .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:visited , .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:active { border:0!important; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:active , .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998 .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ffe4bddc09ecd651289053d44de5998:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Revolutionary War Essay A strange man, but albeit, a man.7Akhenaten physically was weak. He may have been a victim of the disease called Frolichs syndrome, which might have made him physically deformed. As a result, his activities were intellectual. Perhaps this is

Othello Essay Research Paper Othello free essay sample

Othello Essay, Research Paper Othello # 8211 ; Battle of Good V. Evil # 8220 ; I am non what I am. # 8221 ; What is Iago? # 8212 ; as distinct from what he pretends to be # 8211 ; and what are his motivations? In Shakespeare # 8217 ; s, Othello, the reader is presented the authoritative conflict between the fallacious forces of immorality and the artlessness of good. It are these forces of immorality that finally lead to the dislocation of Othello, a baronial Venetian Moor, well-known by the people of Venice as a honorable soldier and a worthy leader. Othello # 8217 ; s breakdown consequences in the muder of his married woman Desdemona. Desdemona is representative of the good in nature. Good can be defined as forgiving, honest, inexperienced person and unsuspecting. The immorality contained within Othello is by no agencies charming or fabulous yet is represented by the character Iago. Iago is cunning, untrusty, selfish, and plotting. He uses these traits to his advantage by easy be aftering his ain victory while watching the death of others. It is this that is Iago # 8217 ; s motive. The ultimate licking of good by the wrath of immorality. Not merely is it in his ain nature of immorality that he suceeds but besides in the failings of the other characters. Iago uses the failings of Othello, specifically jealousy and his devotedness to things as they seem, to suppress his antonym in Desdemona. From the start of the drama, Iago # 8217 ; s intriguing ability is shown when he convinces Roderigo to state about Othello and Desdemonda # 8217 ; s elopement to Desdemona # 8217 ; s male parent, Brabantio. Confidentally Iago continues his secret plan successfully, doing saps of others, and himself being rewarded. Except Roderigo, no 1 is cognizant of Iago # 8217 ; s programs. This is because Iago make-believes to be an honorable adult male loyal to his higher-ups. The fact that Othello himself views Iago as trustworthy and honest gives the immorality within Iago a perfect unsuspicious victim for his strategies. The chance to acquire to Desdemona through Othello is one enticement that Iago can non decline. He creates the feeling that Desdemona is holding an matter with Cassio in order to stir the green-eyed monster within Othello. It is this green-eyed monster and the ignorance of Othello that lead to the ruin of Desdemona ; the one truely good natured character in the drama. As the drama opens we are instantly introduced to the ill will of Iago against Othello. Iago has been appointed the place of retainer to Othello alternatively of the more prestigous place of lieutenant. Michael Cassio has been appointed this place. Iago feels betrayed because he considers him self more qualified than Cassio to function as lieutenant. Iago so foreshadows his programs for Othello to Roderigo, # 8220 ; O, sir, content you. / I follow him to function my bend upon him ( Act I, Scene I ) # 8221 ; . Iago already realizes that Othello thinks approximately him as an honest adult male. Roderigo is used by Iago as an apprentence and person to make his # 8220 ; dirty # 8221 ; work. Roderigo is naively unsuspicious. As the drama displacements from Venice to Cyprus there is an interesting contrast. Venice, a respectful and honorable town is overshadowed by the war lacerate small towns of Cyprus. It could be said that Venice represents good or specfically Desdemona and that Cyprus represents evil in Iago. Desdemona has been taken from her peacefullness and brought onto the evidences of immorality. Iago commits his largest Acts of the Apostless of fraudulence in Cyprus, appropriately sing the ambiance. Ironically, the Venetians feel the Turks are their lone enemy while in fact Iago is in hindsight the one adult male who destroys their stable province. Act II Scene III shows Iago # 8217 ; s willing ability to pull strings characters in the drama. Iago convinces Montano to inform Othello of Cassio # 8217 ; s failing for alchohol hoping this would bestir disatisfaction by Othello. Iago when forced to state the truth against another character does so really suspiciously. He pretends non to pique Cassio when stating Othello of the battle Cassio was involved in, but Iago in secret wants the worst to go of Cassio # 8217 ; s state of affairs without looking responsible. Cassio is relieved of his responsibility as lieutenant. With Cassio no longer in the place of lieutenant, this gives Iago the chance to more efficaciously interact with and pull strings Othello. By commanding Othello, Iago would basically command Desdemona. To make Desdemona straight is unforseeable for Iago sing that Othello is superior to him. It is for this ground that Iago decides to work Othello. If Iago can bend Othello against his ain married woman he will hold defeated his resistance. Act III Scene III, is really of import because it is the point in the drama where Iago begins to set up his use of Othello. Cassio feels that it is necessary to seek the aid of Desdemona in order to recover his place of lieutenant and therefore meets with her to discourse this possibility. Iago and Othello enter the scene merely after Cassio leaves, and Iago witfully trys to do it look like Cassio left because he does non desire to be seen in the wooing of Desdemona. Iago sardonically comments: Cassio, my Godhead? No, certain, I can non believe it That he would steal off so guilty-like, Sing your coming. ( Act III, Scene III ) When Desdemona leaves, Iago takes the chance to beef up Othello # 8217 ; s positions of honestness and trust towards him by stating ironically, # 8220 ; Men should be what they seem ; / Or those that be non, would they might look none! # 8221 ; ( Act III, Scene III ) . This inventiveness by Iago works upon one of the tragic defects of Othello. Othello has a inclination to take eveything he sees and everything he is told at face value without oppugning the fortunes. Iago admirations why person would feign to be something they are non, while in fact that is the exact thing he represents. Finally, after hearing the feats of Iago and witnessing the events environing Cassio, Othello for the first clip is in struggle about what is the truth. This is the first phase of Iago # 8217 ; s strategy to command Othello. As Emilia becomes leery about Othello # 8217 ; s development of green-eyed monster, Desdemona defends her hubby by faulting herself for any injury done. This one time once more shows Desdemona # 8217 ; s compassion and willingness to forfeit herself for her hubby. Othello begins to demo his trouble in keeping his calm: Well, my good lady. O, hardness to feign # 8211 ; How make you, Desdemona? ( Act III, Scene IV ) Act IV, Scene I is a continuance of the anxiousness and indifference Othello is under traveling. Iago takes advantage of this by being blunt with Othello about his married woman Desdemona. Iago suggests that she is holding sexual dealingss with other work forces, perchance Cassio, and continues on as if nil has happened. This suggestions put Othello into a province of such emotional convulsion that he is lost in a enchantment. Iago # 8217 ; s control over Othello is so strong now that he convinces him to see acquiring rid of Desdemona and even suggests methods of killing her. Iago, so proud of his achievements of underhandedness: Work on. My med # 8217 ; cine works! Therefore credulous saps are caught, And many worthy and chaste dolls even therefore, All guiltless, run into reproach. ( Act IV, Scene I ) Othello in this province commits his first act of force against Desdemona by hitting her. This as a consequence of Desdemona # 8217 ; s reference of Cassio. This shows now Othello # 8217 ; s other tragic defect. He made himself susceptable to Iago and the green-eyed monster within him Begins to take to the death of others. By his actions Othello has isolated himself from everyone except Iago. This gives Iago the perfect chance to finish his class of action. Iago does non digest any intervention in his programs, and he foremost slayings Roderigo before he can dispell the immorality that Iago represents. Finally, Othello, so full of the prevarications told to him by Iago slayings his married woman. Desdemona, representative of goodness and Eden as a whole blames her decease on herself and non Othello. Iago # 8217 ; s married woman, Emilia, becomes the ultimate undoing of Iago. After uncovering Iago # 8217 ; s secret plan to Othello, Iago kills her. This is yet another barbarous act to demo the true immorality Iago represents. Othello eventually realizes after being fooled into slaying: I look down towards his pess # 8212 ; but that # 8217 ; s a fable If that 1000 be # 8217 ; st a Satan, I can non putting to death thee. ( Act V, Scene II ) Iago says # 8220 ; I bleed, sir, but non killed # 8221 ; , this is the concluding statement by Iago himself that truely shows his belief in immorality and that he truely thinks he is the Satan. That is the devastation of all that is good. Hell over heaven and black over white. Iago, as a representation of immorality, has one major motivational factor that leads him to prevarication, darnel, and commit offenses on other characters. This motive is the devastation of all that is good and the rise of immorality. This contrast is represented between Iago and Desdemona. Desdemona is described often by other characters as # 8220 ; she is Godhead, the grace of Eden # 8221 ; ( Act II, Scene I ) , while Iago in contrast is described as hellish after his secret plan is uncovered. Iago uses the other characters in the drama to work specifically towards his end. In this manner, he can keep his supposed ignorantness about the events traveling on and still work his intriguing ways. Iago # 8217 ; s strategies nevertheless at times seem to work unrealistically good which may or may non be a instance of witchery or thaumaturgy. Iago # 8217 ; s major error, ironically, is that he trusted his married woman Emilia and found that she was non every bit trusty as he thought. Although non wholly winning at the decision of the drama, Iago does successfully extinguish the one character representative of Eden, artlessness, and honestness. Yet # 8220 ; remains the animadversion of this beastly villian # 8221 ; ( Act V, Scene II ) . Finally, everything Iago pretended to be led to his death: Honesty, Innocence, and Love.

Rationalism vs Empiricism Using Descartes free essay sample

Q3:What are the main differences between rationalism and empiricism as approaches to knowledge? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each, using Descartes (Second Meditation) as the example of a rationalist, and Hume or Locke as the example of an empiricist. In your view which approach better explains the common-sense knowledge of the world that we take for granted? Common-sense knowledge is information we know and understand unproblematically. It could be that a spider has six legs, your two times tables or that in answering a multiple choice test, it is a good idea to bring a rubber and fill in your answers in pencil. It is information gained from ordinary life. Epistemology is a philosophical term in reference to the nature and limitations of knowledge. It addresses firstly what is knowledge, secondly how is knowledge acquired and thirdly the limitations of knowledge. Rationalism and empiricism are two approaches which seek to provide answers to these questions (Cottingham, 1988). We will write a custom essay sample on Rationalism vs Empiricism Using Descartes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Empiricism perceives that the development of concepts and ideas are dependent on the senses (Markie, 2008). Alternatively rationalism ascertains that reasoning, intuition and deduction are the ultimate vehicles to acquiring knowledge, not sensory experience. These theories do not necessarily exist in opposition of each other, but can co-exist to describe how one views the acquisition of knowledge in different fields (Markie, 2008). Throughout this essay, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each view using Descartes’ ‘Second Meditation’ in contrast to Hume’s ‘Enquiry Concerning the Human Understanding’. I will then elaborate how the Empiricist perspective provides a better explanation to common sense knowledge of the world we live in. Rationalism Rationalism is a method in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive. The rationalistic perspective survives on the assumption that firstly, there is a rational structure to the world and secondly, that people have the capacity to comprehend it. It utilises the deductive methods of logic to provide a model for all human knowledge and relies on intuition (Markie, 2008). This is not always the case, so this philosophy cannot be relied in all circumstances. Rationalism is founded on the thesis of Intuition/Deduction, thesis of Innate Knowledge or Innate Concept thesis separately or in some combination (Markie, 2008). The Intuition/Deduction thesis proposes that in a particular subject area, some information is known by intuition alone or that knowledge is gained by deduction from intuited propositions. Experiences are incapable of developing one’s knowledge but can catalyse thinking causing knowledge to progress from unconsciousness to consciousness (Cottingham, 1988). The Innate Knowledge thesis asserts that some knowledge is inherent within humanity like DNA, as part of our rational nature. The Innate Concept theory is based on the assertion that some of our concepts are not gained from experience (Markie, 2008). The rational nature organically possesses an individual’s concepts. Sense experiences might catalyse a process by which concepts are better understood but experience does not provide the concepts or determine the information they contain, rationality does (Markie, 2008). Other minor theories which are used less significantly to endorse Rationalism are the Indispensability of Reason Thesis and the Superiority of Reason Thesis. The Indispensability of Reason theorem states that we gain knowledge in a certain area when we utilise deduction and employ intuition. In reality they have ‘narrowly confined limits with no more creative power than compounding, transposing, augmenting or diminishing the materials provided by the senses’. If a person is without the capacity of one of the senses, they are devoid of the information provided by that sense and are incapable of understanding information attached to that sensation (Hume, 1975). Restoring that sense enables them to receive sensory input, enabling them to conceive the attached ideas. This proves the importance of the sensory experience and that without it understanding is impossible. Comparison In my opinion, Empiricism better explains the common-sense view of the world. This is because knowledge gained through rational thought however much you can understand it, is not engrained or integrated into your core beliefs to the same degree as that gained through tangible experience. Knowledge gained through experience is more strongly felt and can be considered to be superior to knowledge gained by reflection (Hume, 1975). Without an experience of the subject in focus, the information is detached and reflection cannot proceed to occur. Intuition and deduction, however relevant, are open to deception and can lead to inaccurate assumptions. People previously believed the earth was flat and the earth was the centre of the universe, as this â€Å"information† fit their current schemas. It made sense but lead to wrong conclusions as it lacked testing. It is through empirical observation that accurate insight was reached. Their rational thinking followed logical deduction and was believed to be correct due to their intuition, but even rational thinking can be fallible leading to wrong assumptions (Descartes, 1984). It is proven that when people possess strongly held beliefs, they perceive information in such a way to support their current understanding and deny opposing views, filtering out information that does not fit their current schemas like putting blinkers on a horse. Although they believe their thoughts to be rational, their powers of deduction are compromised and can be rationally wrong. This significantly limits their ability to gain knowledge (Descartes, 1984). Conclusion Rationalism and Empiricism are two distinctly different views relating to epistemology and the degree of input that the senses provide in the formation of knowledge.

Responsible decisions essays

Responsible decisions essays There is a delicate balance that is apparent in all aspects of life and far two often people only see the small picture, failing to recognize many natural occurring consequences. One such way for humans to help maintain this balance is to hunt. We as people need to practice responsible hunting and decision making by leaning the difference between over hunting, under hunting and the importance of restoring the natural balance we interrupt. The effects of over hunting are very apparent in the world today. We have many animals on the endangered species list because of mankinds inability to know when to stop. If you look right here in British Columbia, youll see that the grizzly bear population is diminishing rapidly. These animals not only keep other species in check but are also some of the most spectacular bears in the world. Are world would be a lesser place without the grizzly and we as humans must realize that we not only threaten the eco-system, but we also threaten the privilege of generation to come from enjoy the wonder of this magnificent bear. The grizzly is not the only species in trouble due to over hunting, animals like the gorilla and cheetah of Africa are in serious threat because of over poaching. These are just some of the animals that are facing extinction because of are incompetence. Over hunting is a terrible fact that mankind is faced with, but equally as bad are the effects of under hunting. Take the rat for example, since humans have built large cities and towns there are less natural predator to keep the population in check. Rats are free to roam are streets and infest are houses without the fear of there natural predators. Since humans are responsible for building these cities and towns, driving away predators, it is now are responsibility for managing the rat population. We can not let an animal that spreads disease and kills off small bird species to run ramped in are cities. We must come up ...

Best Toe Kick Dimensions for Cabinet Design

Best Toe Kick Dimensions for Cabinet Design At the bottom of every base floor cabinet in your kitchen or bathroom, you will notice a notched profile below the front door of the cabinet. This notched profile, called a toe kick, is an ergonomic feature designed to make it safer and more comfortable to work at the cabinets countertop. This might seem like a small advantage, but long experience shows that this small amount makes it much easier for a user to stand for long periods without uncomfortable leaning and without struggling to maintain balance. As with many other standard features of home and furniture design, the toe kick follows a fairly common measurement standard.  So universal is this standard that factory-made stock cabinets always follow these standard dimensions for a toe kick,  and an experienced carpenter or woodworker who constructs  a base cabinet will include the toe kick with these standard dimensions. Standards such as these are neither  legal requirements nor mandated by building code. Rather, builders have established over time that such measurements make for greater comfort and safety, so it is wisest to follow these measurements unless specifically directed otherwise.    Standard Dimensions for Toe Kicks The optimal depth for a toe kick is 3 inches. This provides an adequate recess to stand comfortably and maintain balance while working at a countertop. Almost all factory-made stock cabinets will comply with this depth standard.   Toe-kick depths greater than 3 inches do not hurt the effectiveness of the toe kick, but depths less than 3 inches should usually be avoided, as they interfere with ergonomic effectiveness.   The optimal height for a toe kick is 3 1/2 inches, and heights up to 4 inches are common. Increasing the height over 3 1/2 inches does not hurt the effectiveness of the toe kick, but it may very slightly reduce the space in your base cabinet. Is There Any Reason to Change the Dimensions of Your Toe Kick? Its quite rare that a reason presents itself to vary from these standard dimensions for your base cabinet toe kicks. It is actually only possible at all in custom cabinets built to specifications or having a carpenter alter the installation of factory cabinets.   Family need for altered dimensions is generally the catalyst for requests for alteration of such specs. For example, a very tall person with large feet might find a larger toe kick more accommodating. The likelihood of a need to reduce the size of the toe kick is slim, although a very short person might consider this as a means of slightly lowering the countertop height to provide an added level of comfort to a workspace.

Modern Sculpture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Modern Sculpture - Essay Example These two notions are really very important for those who are going to comprehend the idea of art and the message of its authors. That is why space and time cannot be separated when one is going to analyze sculpture. The author of Passages in Modern Sculpture gives the analysis of several celebrated sculptures to demonstrate the development of art. It is also possible to find the information about the characteristics of neoclassical sculpture. Wanting to transcend the partial information that any single aspect or figure can convey, the neoclassical sculptor devises strategies to present the human body through multiple views. As for classicism, here the transcendence of the single point of view was often explicitly dealt with by using figures in pairs and threes. So, the writing contains many details about the history and peculiarities of art. It explains the difference between various centuries in art. For instance, throughout the nineteenth century, sculptors continually tried to provide the viewer about the information of unseen sides of all objects imbedded within the relief ground. The text is very useful for those whose study art. However, it would be better if the writer demonstrated the c onnection between modern sculptures and the ones from the

What Is the Israel Lobby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What Is the Israel Lobby - Essay Example Smith categorized Israel Lobby to power formulation, media pressure, leadership development, education foundation, and transfer of capital to Israel (Smith, 2014). Just like Grant Smith, John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt claims that Israel Lobby is the support provided to Israel by the U.S. Unlike Smith, Mearsheimer, and Walt, Frankel claims that â€Å"Israel Lobby is a collection of American Jewish organizations, campaign contributors and think tanks† (slide 211). The success of Israel Lobby, as it was argued by Smith, is in tandem with that of Mearsheimer and Walt; the Israel Lobby focuses on influencing the Congress, the executive, manipulate media, and policing academia (slide 207). However, Mearsheimer and Walt together with Frankel provide more focuses of Israel Lobby that were not expounded on by Smith. For instance, they assert that Israel Lobby also focuses on dominating think tanks, misusing anti-Semitism, and demonizing the Palestinians. The argument of Mearsheimer and Walt on the reasons for the U.S. pursuing her policies in the Middle East is in tandem with that provided by Smith; they all claim that the activities of groups as well as individuals who make up the lobby are the key reason (slide 207 and slide 211). Smith, Mearsheimer, Walt, and Frankel claim that the work of lobby make Israel gets direct foreign aid every year (slide

de-colonization :: essays research papers

After the end of the Second World War in which, to Britain, it was nearly a repeat of the First World War that Britain had experienced the same things as the aftermaths. The war put severe strains on her economic resources as well as the undermining of her export markets. Even though Britain had won the war, the impacts on Britain afterwards were not always positive, in that, as everyone know, war created tragedy. It did not make any good to anybody, even the winner. The victors also had to spend expenditures on reconstructing the destructive infrastructures. Money was not the only main factor that was primarily used to rearrange the whole society, but it took time as well. After the war, a certain country may have to lose something she did not intended to like in case of the Britain that though she won the Second World War, unexpectedly, she had to give freedom to her colonials. Why was that? As a result of a war, as I have mentioned, it definitely created a huge negative impact on a certain country as in this case of the Britain, a post war condition was so bad that some of the right-wing historians have condemned the whole war effort as inefficient and as a major cause to responsible for an upcoming subsequent British economic. (www.fordham.edu) After the discontinue of the World War II, the Britain succumbed to an illusion that she could remain in a status of one of the world’s greatest superpowers, because at that time, she still possessed a huge empire as well as a fairly good relationship with the United States of America, a country that always achieved a status of the world’s superpower. Both of these countries were also shared a good partnership in the Cold War as well. As a consequence, Britain still considered herself as one of the major countries that can influence the world affair as Ernest Bevin , the Foreign Secretary of Britain after 1945, did. His purpose was to remain Britain as one of the three major powers like the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Ernest Bevin was prepared to strain the British economy to breaking point. By 1950 Britain still had an army of 900,000 men, something unheard of in peacetime, and she spent 14 per cent of her gross national product on defense (Pugh, 1999: 220)

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER TEN TABLE

TABLE Two days had passed and Gendibal found himself not so much heavyhearted as enraged. There was no reason why there could not have been an immediate hearing. Had he been unprepared – had he needed time – they would have forced an immediate hearing on him, he was sure. But since there was nothing more facing the Second Foundation than the greatest crisis since the Mule, they wasted time – and to no purpose but to irritate him. They did irritate him and, by Seldon, that would make his counterstroke the heavier. He was determined on that. He looked about him. The anteroom was empty. It had been like that for two days now. He was a marked man, a Speaker whom all knew would – by means of an action unprecedented in the five-century history of the Second Foundation – soon lose his position. He would be demoted to the ranks, demoted to the position of a Second Foundationer, plain and simple. It was one thing, however – and a very honored thing – to be a Second Foundationer of the ranks, particularly if one held a respectable title, as Gendibal might even after the impeachment. It would be quite another thing to have once been a Speaker and to have been demoted. It won't happen though, thought Gendibal savagely, even though for two days he had been avoided. Only Sura Novi treated him as before, but she was too nave to understand the situation. To her, Gendibal was still â€Å"Master.† It irritated Gendibal that he found a certain comfort in this. He felt ashamed when he began to notice that his spirits rose when he noticed her gazing at him worshipfully. Was he becoming grateful for gifts that small? A clerk emerged from the Chamber to tell him that the Table was ready for him and Gendibal stalked in. The clerk was one GendibaI knew well; he was one who knew – to the tiniest fraction – the precise gradation of civility that each Speaker deserved. At the moment, that accorded Gendibal was appallingly low. Even the clerk thought him as good as convicted. They were all sitting about the Table gravely, wearing the black robes of judgment. First Speaker Shandess looked a bit uncomfortable, but he did not allow his face to crease into the smallest touch of friendliness. Delarmi – one of the three Speakers who were women – did not even look at him. The First Speaker said, â€Å"Speaker Stor Gendibal, you have been impeached for behaving in a manner unbecoming a Speaker. You have, before us all, accused the Table – vaguely and without evidence – of treason and attempted murder. You have implied that all Second Foundationers – including the Speakers and the First Speaker – require a thorough mental analysis to ascertain who among them are no longer to be trusted. Such behavior breaks the bonds of community, without which the Second Foundation cannot control an intricate and potentially hostile Galaxy and without which they cannot build, with surety, a viable Second Empire. â€Å"Since we have all witnessed those offenses, we will forego the presentation of a formal case for the prosecution. We will therefore move directly to the next stage. Speaker Stor Gendibal, do you have a defense?† Now Delarmi – still not looking at him – allowed herself a small catlike smile. Gendibal said, â€Å"If truth be considered a defense, I have one. There are grounds for suspecting a breach of security. That breach may involve the mental control of one or more Second Foundationers – not excluding members here present – and this has created a deadly crisis for the Second Foundation. If, indeed, you hasten this trial because you cannot waste time, you may all perhaps dimly recognize the seriousness of the crisis, but in that case, why have you wasted two days after I had formally requested an immediate trial? I submit that it is this deadly crisis that has forced me to say what I have said. I would have behaved in a manner unbecoming a Speaker – had I not done so.† â€Å"He but repeats the offense, First Speaker,† said Delarmi softly. Gendibal's seat was further removed from the Table than that of the others – a clear demotion already. He pushed it farther back, as though he cared nothing for that, and rose. He said, â€Å"Will you convict me now, out of hand, in defiance of law – or may I present my defense in detail?† The First Speaker said, â€Å"This is not a lawless assemblage, Speaker. Without much in fine way of precedent to guide us, we will lean in your direction, recognizing that if our too-human abilities should cause us to deviate from absolute justice, it is better to allow the guilty to go free than to convict the innocent. Therefore, although the case before us is so grave that we may not lightly allow the guilty to go free, we will permit you to present your case in such manner as you wish and for as long as you require, until it is decided by unanimous vote, including my own† (and he raised his voice at that phrase) â€Å"that enough has been heard.† Gendibal said, â€Å"Let me begin, then, by saying that Golan Trevize – the First Foundationer who has been driven from Terminus and whom the First Speaker and I believe to be the knife-edge of the gathering crisis has moved off in an unexpected direction.† â€Å"Point of information,† said Delarmi softly. â€Å"How does the speaker† (the intonation clearly indicated that the word was not capitalized) â€Å"know this?† â€Å"I was informed of this by the First Speaker,† said Gendibal, â€Å"but I confirm it of my own knowledge. Under the circumstances, however, considering my suspicions concerning the level of the security of the Chamber, I must be allowed to keep my sources of information secret.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"I will suspend judgment on that. Let us proceed without that item of information but if, in the judgment of the Table, the information must be obtained, Speaker Gendibal will have to yield it.† Delarmi said, â€Å"If the speaker does not yield the information now, it is only fair to say that I assume he has an agent serving him – an agent who is privately employed by him and who is not responsible to the Table generally. We cannot be sure that such an agent is obeying the rules of behavior governing Second Foundation personnel. The First Speaker said with some displeasure, â€Å"I see all the implications, Speaker Delarmi. There is no need to spell them out for me.† â€Å"I merely mention it for the record, First Speaker, since this aggravates the offense and it is not an item mentioned in the bill of impeachment, which, I would like to say, has not been read in full and to which I move this item be added.† â€Å"The clerk is directed to add the item,† said the First Speaker, â€Å"and the precise wording will be adjusted at the appropriate time. – Speaker Gendibal† (he, at least, capitalized) â€Å"your defense is indeed a step backward. Continue.† Gendibal said, â€Å"Not only has this Trevize moved in an unexpected direction, but at an unprecedented speed. My information, which the First Speaker does not yet have, is that he has traveled nearly ten thousand parsecs in well under an hour.† â€Å"In a single jump?† said one of the Speakers incredulously. â€Å"In over two dozen jumps, one after the other, with virtually no time intervening,† said Gendibal, â€Å"something that is even more difficult to imagine than a single jump. Even if he is now located, it will take time to follow him and, if he detects us and really means to flee us, we will not be able to overtake him. – And you spend your time in games of impeachment and allow two days to pass so that you might savor them the more.† The First Speaker managed to mask his anguish. â€Å"Please tell us, Speaker Gendibal, what you think the significance of this might be.† â€Å"It is an indication, First Speaker, of the technological advances that are being made by the First Foundation, who are far more powerful now than they were in the time of Preem Palver. We could not stand up against them if they found us and were free to act.† Speaker Delarmi rose to her feet. She said, â€Å"First Speaker, our time is being wasted with irrelevancies. We are not children to be frightened with tales by Grandmother Spacewarp. It does not matter how impressive the machinery of the First Foundation is when, in any crisis, their minds will be in our control.† â€Å"What do you have to say to that, Speaker Gendibal?† asked the First Speaker. † Merely that we will come to the matter of minds in due course. For the moment, I merely wish to stress the superior – and increasing technological might of the First Foundation.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Pass on to the next point, Speaker Gendibal. Your first point, I must tell you, does not impress me as very pertinent to the matter contained in the bill of impeachment.† There was a clear gesture of agreement from the Table generally. Gendibal said, â€Å"I pass on. Trevize has a companion in his present journey† (he paused momentarily to consider pronunciation) â€Å"one Janov Pelorat, a rather ineffectual scholar who has devoted his life to tracking down myths and legends concerning Earth.† â€Å"You know all this about him? Your hidden source, I presume?† said Delarmi, who had settled into her role of prosecutor with a clear feeling of comfort. â€Å"Yes, I know all this about him,† said Gendibal stolidly. â€Å"A few months ago, the Mayor of Terminus, an energetic and capable woman, grew interested in this scholar for no clear reason, and so I grew interested, too, as a matter of course. Nor have I kept this to myself. All the information I have gained has been made available to the First Speaker.† â€Å"I bear witness to that,† said the First Speaker in a low voice. An elderly Speaker said, â€Å"What is this Earth? Is it the world of origin we keep coming across in fables? The one they made a fuss about in old Imperial times?† Gendibal nodded. â€Å"In the tales of Grandmother Spacewarp, as Speaker Delarmi would say. – I suspect it was Pelorat's dream to come to Trantor to consult the Galactic Library, in order to find information concerning Earth that he could not obtain in the interstellar library service available on Terminus. â€Å"When he left Terminus with Trevize, he must have been under the impression that that dream was to be fulfilled. Certainly we were expecting the two and counted on having the opportunity to examine them – to our own profit. As it turns out – and as you all know by now – they are not coming. They have turned off to some destination that is not yet clear and for some reason that is not yet known.† Delarmi's round face looked positively cherubic as she said, â€Å"And why is this disturbing? We are no worse off for their absence, surely. Indeed, since they dismiss us so easily, we can deduce that the First Foundation does not know the true nature of Trantor and we can applaud the handiwork of Preem Palver.† Gendibal said, â€Å"If we thought no further, we might indeed come to such a comforting solution. Could if be, though, that the turnoff was not the result of any failure to see the importance of Trantor? Could it be that the turnoff resulted from anxiety lest Trantor, by examining these two men, see the importance of Earth?† There was a stir about the Table. â€Å"Anyone,† said Delarmi coldly, â€Å"can invent formidable-sounding propositions and couch them in balanced sentences. But do they make sense when you do invent them? Why should anyone care what we of the Second Foundation think of Earth? Whether it is the true planet of origin, or whether it is a myth, or whether there is no one place of origin to begin with, is surely something that should interest only historians, anthropologists, and folk-tale collectors, such as this Pelorat of yours. Why us?† â€Å"Why indeed?† said Gendibal. â€Å"How is it, then, that there are no references to Earth in the Library?† For the first time, something in the atmosphere that was other than hostility made itself felt about the Table. Delarmi said, â€Å"Aren't there?† Gendibal said quite calmly, â€Å"When word first reached me that Trevize and Pelorat might be coming here in search of information concerning Earth, I, as a matter of course, had our Library computer make a listing of documents containing such information. I was mildly interested when it turned up nothing. Not minor quantities. Not very little. – Nothing? â€Å"But then you insisted I wait for two days before this hearing could take place, and at the same time, my curiosity was further piqued by the news that the First Foundationers were not coming here after all. I had to amuse myself somehow. While the rest of you therefore were, as the saying goes, sipping wine while the house was falling, I went through some history books in my own possession. I came across passages that specifically mentioned some of the investigations on the ‘Origin Question' in late-Imperial times. Particular documents – both printed and filmed – were referred to and quoted from. I returned to the Library and made a personal check for those documents. I assure you there was nothing.† Delarmi said, â€Å"Even if this is so, it need not be surprising. If Earth is indeed a myth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Then I would find it in mythological references. If it were a story of Grandmother Spacewarp, I would find it in the collected tales of Grandmother Spacewarp. If it were a figment of the diseased mind, I would find it under psychopathology. The fact is that something about Earth exists or you would not all have heard of it and, indeed, immediately recognized it as the name of the putative planet of origin of the human species. Why, then, is there no reference to it in the Library, anywhere?† Delarmi was silent for a moment and another Speaker interposed. He was Leonis Cheng, a rather small man with an encyclopedic knowledge of the minutiae of the Seldon Plan and a rather myopic attitude toward the actual Galaxy. His eyes tended to blink rapidly when he spoke. He said, â€Å"It is well known that the Empire in its final days attempted to create an Imperial mystique by soft-pedaling all interest in pre-Imperial times.† Gendibal nodded. â€Å"Soft-pedaled is the precise term, Speaker Cheng. That is not equivalent to destroying evidence. As you should know better than anyone, another characteristic of Imperial decay was a sudden interest in earlier – and presumably better – times. I have just referred to the interest in the ‘Origin Question' in Hari Seldon's time.† Cheng interrupted with a formidable clearing of the throat. â€Å"I know this very well, young man, and know far more of these social problems of Imperial decay than you seem to think I do. The process of ‘Imperialization' overtook these dilettantish games concerning Earth. Under Cleon II, during the Empire's last resurgence, two centuries after Seldon, Imperialization reached its peak and all speculation on the question of Earth came to an end. There was even a directive in Cleon's time concerning this, referring to the interest in such things as (and I think I quote it correctly) ‘stale and unproductive speculation that tends to undermine the people's love of the Imperial throne.'† Gendibal smiled. â€Å"Then it was in the time of Cleon II, Speaker Cheng, that you would place the destruction of all reference to Earth?† â€Å"I draw no conclusions. I have simply stated what I have stated.† â€Å"It is shrewd of you to draw no conclusions. By Cleon's time, the Empire may have been resurgent, but the University and Library, at least, were in our hands or, at any rate, in those of our predecessors. It would have been impossible for any material to be removed from the Library without the Speakers of the Second Foundation knowing it. In fact, it would have been the Speakers to whom the task would have had to be entrusted, though the dying Empire would not have known that.† Gendibal paused, but Cheng, saying nothing, looked over the other's head. Gendibal said, â€Å"It follows that the Library could not have been emptied of material on Earth during Seldon's time, since the ‘Origin Question' was then an active preoccupation. It could not have been emptied afterward because the Second Foundation was in charge. Yet the Library is empty of it now. How can this be?† Delarmi broke in impatiently, â€Å"You may stop weaving the dilemma, Gendibal. We see it. What is it that you suggest as a solution? That you have removed the documents yourself?† â€Å"As usual, Delarmi, you penetrate to the heart.† And Gendibal bent his head to her in sardonic respect (at which she allowed herself a slight lifting of the lip). â€Å"One solution is that the cleansing was done by a Speaker of the Second Foundation, someone who would know how to use curators without leaving a memory behind – and computers without leaving a record behind:† First Speaker Shandess turned red. â€Å"Ridiculous, Speaker Gendibal. I cannot imagine a Speaker doing this. What would the motivation be? Even if, for some reason, the material on Earth were removed, why keep it from the rest of the Table? Why risk a complete destruction of one's career by tampering with the Library when the chances of its being discovered are so great? Besides, I don't think that even the most skillful Speaker could perform the task without leaving a trace.† â€Å"Then it must be, First Speaker, that you disagree with Speaker Delarmi in her suggestion that I did it† â€Å"I certainly do,† said the First Speaker. â€Å"Sometimes I doubt your judgment, but I have yet to consider you downright insane.† â€Å"Then it must never have happened, First Speaker. The material on Earth must still be in the Library, for we now seem to have eliminated all the possible ways in which it could have been removed – and yet the material is not there.† Delarmi said with an affectation of weariness, â€Å"Well well, let us finish. Again, what is it you suggest as a solution? I am sure you think you have one.† â€Å"If you are sure, Speaker, we may all be sure as well. My suggestion is that the Library was cleansed by someone of the Second Foundation who was under the control of a subtle force from outside the Second Foundation. The cleansing went unnoticed because that same force saw to it that it was not noticed.† Delarmi laughed. â€Å"Until you found out. You – the uncontrolled and uncontrollable. If this mysterious force existed, how did you find out about the absence of material from the Library? Why weren't you controlled?† Gendibal said may feel, as we gravely, â€Å"It's not a laughing matter, Speaker. They feel, that all tampering should be held to a minimum. When my life was in danger a few days ago, I was more concerned with refraining from fiddling with a Hamish mind than with protecting myself. So it might be with these others – as soon as they felt it was safe they ceased tampering. That is the danger, the deadly danger. The fact that I could find out what has happened may mean they no longer care that I do. The fact that they no longer care may mean that they feel they have already won. And we continue to play our games here!† â€Å"But what aim do they have in all this? What conceivable aim?† demanded Delarmi, shuffling her feet and biting her lips. She felt her power fading as the Table grew more interested – concerned Gendibal said, â€Å"Consider – The First Foundation, with its enormous arsenal of physical power, is searching for Earth. They pretend to send out two exiles, hoping we will think that is all they are, but would they equip them with ships of unbelievable power-ships that can move ten thousand parsecs in less than an hour – if that was all that they were? â€Å"As for the Second Foundation, we have not been searching for Earth and, clearly, steps have been taken without our knowledge to keep any information of Earth away from us. The First Foundation is now so close to finding Earth and we are so far from doing so, that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gendibal paused and Delarmi said, â€Å"That what? Finish your childish tale. Do you know anything or don't you?† â€Å"I don't know everything, Speaker. I have not penetrated the total depth of the web that is encircling us, but I know the web is there. I don't know what the significance of finding Earth might be, but I am certain the Second Foundation is in enormous danger and, with it, the Seldon Plan and the future of all humanity.† Delarmi rose to her feet. She was not smiling and she spoke in a tense but tightly controlled voice. â€Å"Trash? First Speaker, put an end to this! What is at issue is the accused's behavior. What he tells us is not only childish but irrelevant. He cannot extenuate his behavior by building a cobwebbery of theories that makes sense only in his own mind. I call for a vote on the matter now – a unanimous vote for conviction.† â€Å"Wait,† said Gendibal sharply. â€Å"I have been told I would have an opportunity to defend myself, and there remains one more item – one more. Let me present that, and you may proceed to a vote with no further objection from me.† The First Speaker rubbed his eyes wearily. â€Å"You may continue, Speaker Gendibal. Let me point out to the Table that the conviction of an impeached Speaker is so weighty and, indeed, unprecedented an action that we dare not give the appearance of not allowing a full defense. Remember, too, that even if the verdict satisfies us, it may not satisfy those who come after us, and I cannot believe that a Second Foundationer of any level – let alone the Speakers of the Table – would not have a full appreciation of the importance of historical perspective. Let us so act that we can be certain of the approval of the Speakers who will follow us in the coming centuries.† Delarmi said bitterly, â€Å"We run the risk, First Speaker, of having posterity laugh at us for belaboring the obvious. To continue the defense is your decision.† Gendibal drew a deep breath. â€Å"In line with your decision, then, First Speaker, I wish to call a witness – a young woman I met three days ago and without whom I might not have reached the Table meeting at all, instead of merely being late.† â€Å"Is the woman you speak of known to the Table?† asked the First Speaker. â€Å"No, First Speaker. She is native to this planet.† Delarmi's eyes opened wide. â€Å"A Hamishwoman?† â€Å"Indeed! Just so!† Delarmi said, â€Å"What have we to do with one of those? Nothing they say can be of any importance. They don't exist!† Gendibal's lips drew back tightly over his teeth in something that could not possibly have been mistaken for a smile. He said sharply, â€Å"Physically all the Hamish exist. They are human beings and play their part in Seldon's Plan. In their indirect protection of the Second Foundation, they play a crucial part. I wish to dissociate myself from Speaker Delarmi's inhumanity and hope that her remark will be retained in the record and be considered hereafter as evidence for her possible unfitness for the position of Speaker. – Will the rest of the Table agree with the Speaker's incredible remark and deprive me of my witness?† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Call your witness, Speaker.† Gendibal's lips relaxed into the normal expressionless features of a Speaker under pressure. His mind was guarded and fenced in, but behind this protective barrier, he felt that the danger point had passed and that he had won. Sura Novi looked strained. Her eyes were wide and her lower lip was faintly trembling. Her hands were slowly clenching and unclenching and her chest was heaving slightly. Her hair had been pulled back and braided into a bun; her sun-darkened face twitched now and then. Her hands fumbled at the pleats of her long skirt. She looked hastily around the Table – from Speaker to Speaker – her wide eyes filled with awe. They glanced back at her with varying degrees of contempt and discomfort. Delarmi kept her eyes well above the top of Novi's head, oblivious to her presence. Carefully Gendibal touched the skin of her mind, soothing and relaxing it. He might have done the same by patting her hand or stroking her cheek, but here, under these circumstances, that was impossible, of course. He said, â€Å"First Speaker, I am numbing this woman's conscious awareness so that her testimony wilt not be distorted by fear. Will you please observe – will the rest of you, if you wish, join me and observe that I will, in no way, modify her mind?† Novi had started back in terror at Gendibal's voice, and Gendibal was not surprised at that. He realized that she had never heard Second Foundationers of high rank speak among themselves. She had never experienced that odd swift combination of sound, tone, expression and thought. The terror, however, faded as quickly as it came, as he gentled her mind. A look of placidity crossed her face. â€Å"There is a chair behind you, Novi,† Gendibal said. â€Å"Please sit down.† Novi curtsied in a small and clumsy manner and sat down, holding herself stiffly. She talked quite clearly, but Gendibal made her repeat when her Hamish accent became too thick. And because he kept his own speech formal in deference to the Table, he occasionally had to repeat his own questions to her. The tale of the fight between himself and Rufirant was described quietly and well. Gendibal said, â€Å"Did you see all this yourself, Novi?† â€Å"Nay, Master, or I would have sooner-stopped it. Rufirant be good fellow, but not quick in head.† â€Å"But you described it all. How is that possible if you did not see it all? â€Å"Rufirant be telling me thereof, on questioning. He be ashamed.† â€Å"Ashamed? Have you ever known him to behave in this manner in earlier times?† â€Å"Rufirant? Nay, Master. He be gentle, though he be large. He be no fighter and he be afeared of scowlers. He say often they are mighty and possessed of power.† † Why didn't he feel this way when he met me?† â€Å"It be strange. It be not understood.† She shook her head. â€Å"He be not his ain self. I said to him, ‘Thou blubber-head. Be it your place to assault scowler?' And he said, ‘I know not how it happened. It be like I am to one side, standing and watching not-I.'† Speaker Cheng interrupted. â€Å"First Speaker, of what value is it to have this woman report what a man has told her? Is not the man available for questioning?† Gendibal said, â€Å"He is. If, on completion of this woman's testimony, the Table wishes to hear more evidence, I will be ready to call Karoll Rufirant – my recent antagonist – to the stand. If not, the Table can move directly to judgment when I am done with this witness.† â€Å"Very well,† said the First Speaker. â€Å"Proceed with your witness.† Gendibal said, â€Å"And you, Novi? Was it like you to interfere in a fight in this manner?† Novi did not say anything for a moment. A small frown appeared between her thick eyebrows and then disappeared. She said, â€Å"I know not. I wish no harm to scowlers. I be, driven, and without thought I inmiddled myself.† A pause, then., â€Å"I be do it over if need arise.† Gendibal said, â€Å"Novi, you will sleep now. You will think of nothing. You will rest and you will not even dream.† Novi mumbled for a moment. Her eyes closed and her head fell back against the headrest of her chair. Gendibal waited a moment, then said, â€Å"First Speaker, with respect, follow me into this woman's mind. You will find it remarkably simple and symmetrical, which is fortunate, for what you will see might not have been visible otherwise. – Here – here! Do you observe? – If the rest of you will enter – it will be easier if it is done one at a time.† There was a rising buzz about the Table. Gendibal said, â€Å"Is there any doubt among you?† Delarmi said, â€Å"I doubt it, for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused on the brink of what was – even for her – unsayable. Gendibal said it for her. â€Å"You think I deliberately tampered with this mind in order to present false evidence? You think, therefore, that I am capable of bringing about so delicate an adjustment – one mental fiber clearly out of shape with nothing about it or its surroundings that is in the least disturbed? If I could do that, what need would I have to deal with any of you in this manner? Why subject myself to the indignity of a trial? Why labor to convince you? If I could do what is visible in this woman's mind, you would all be helpless before me unless you were well prepared. – The blunt fact is that none of you could manipulate a mind as this woman's has been manipulated. Neither can I. Yet it has been done.† He paused, looking at all the Speakers in turn, then fixing his gaze on Delarmi. He spoke slowly. â€Å"Now, if anything more is required, I will call in the Hamish farmer, Karoll Rufirant, whom I have examined and whose mind has also been tampered with in this manner.† â€Å"That will not be necessary,† said the First Speaker, who was wearing an appalled expression. â€Å"What we have seen is mindshaking.† â€Å"In that case,† said Gendibal, â€Å"may I rouse this Hamishwoman and dismiss her? I have arranged for there to be those outside who will see to her recovery.† When Novi had left, directed by Gendibal's gentle hold on her elbow, be said, â€Å"Let me quickly summarize. Minds can be – and have been altered in ways that are beyond our power. In this way, the curators themselves could have been influenced to remove Earth material from the Library – without our knowledge or their own. We see how it was arranged that I should be delayed in arriving at a meeting of the Table. I was threatened; I was rescued. The result was that I was impeached. The result of this apparently natural concatenation of events is that I may be removed from a position of power – and the course of action which I champion and which threatens these people, whoever they are, may be negated.† Delarmi leaned forward. She was clearly shaken. â€Å"If this secret organization is so clever, how were you able to discover all this?† GendibaI felt free to smile, now. â€Å"No credit to me,† he said. â€Å"I lay no claim to expertise superior to that of other Speakers; certainly not to the First Speaker. However, neither are these Anti-Mules – as the First Speaker has rather engagingly called them – infinitely wise or infinitely immune to circumstance. Perhaps they chose this particular Hamishwoman as their instrument precisely because she needed very little adjustment. She was, of her own character, sympathetic to what she calls ‘scholars,' and admired them intensely. â€Å"But then, once this was over, her momentary contact with me strengthened her fantasy of becoming a ‘scholar' herself. She came to me the next day with that purpose in mind. Curious at this peculiar ambition of hers, I studied her mind – which I certainly would not otherwise have done – and, more by accident than anything else, stumbled upon the adjustment and noted its significance. Had another woman been chosen – one with a less natural pro-scholar bias – the Anti-Mules might have had to labor more at the adjustment, but the consequences might well not have followed and I would have remained ignorant of all this. The Anti-Mules miscalculated – or could not sufficiently allow for the unforseen. That they can stumble so is heartening.† Delarmi said, â€Å"The First Speaker and you call this – organization – the ‘Anti-Mules,' I presume, because they seem to labor to keep tile Galaxy in the ,path of the. Seldon Plan, rather than to disrupt it as the Male himself did. If the Anti-Mines do this, why are they dangerous?† â€Å"Why should then labor, if not for some purpose? We don't know what that purpose as. A cynic might say that they intend to step in at some future time and thin the current in another direction, one tat mar please them far more than it would please ifs. That is my own feeling, even though I do riot major in cynicism. Is Speaker Delarmi prepared to maintain, out of the love and trust that we all know form so great a part of her character, that these are cosmic altruists, doing our work for us, without dream of reward?† There was a gentle susurration of laughter about the Table at this and Gendibal knew that he had won. And Delarmi knew that she had lost, for there was a wash of rage that showed through her harsh mentalic control like a momentary ray of ruddy sunlight through a thick canopy of leaves. Gendibal said, â€Å"When I first experienced the incident with the Hamish farmer, I leaped to the conclusion that another Speaker was behind it. When I noted the adjustment of the Hamishwoman's mind, I knew that I was right as to the plot but wrong as to the plotter. I apologize for the misinterpretation and I plead the circumstances as an extenuation.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"I believe this may be construed as an apology† Delarmi interrupted. She was quite placid again – her face was friendly, her voice downright saccharine. â€Å"With total respect, First Speaker, if I may interrupt. – Let us drop this matter of impeachment. At this moment, I would not vote for conviction and I imagine no one will. I would even suggest the impeachment be stricken from the Speaker's unblemished record. Speaker Gendibal has exonerated himself ably. I congratulate him on that – and for uncovering a crisis that the rest of us might well have allowed to smolder on indefinitely, with incalculable results. I offer the Speaker my wholehearted apologies for my earlier hostility.† She virtually beamed at Gendibal, who felt a reluctant admiration for the manner in which she shifted direction instantly in order to cut her losses. He also felt that all this was but preliminary to an attack from a new direction. He was certain that what was coming would not be pleasant. When she exerted herself to be charming, Speaker Delora Delarmi had a way of dominating the Speaker's Table. Her voice grew soft, her smile indulgent, her eyes sparkling, all of her sweet. No one cared to interrupt her and everyone waited for the blow to fall. She said, â€Å"Thanks to Speaker Gendibal, I think we all now understand what we must do. We do not see the Anti-Mules; we know nothing about them, except for their fugitive touches on the minds of people right here in the stronghold of the Second Foundation itself. We do not know what the power center of the First Foundation is planning. We may face an alliance of the Anti-Mules and the First Foundation. We don't know. â€Å"We do know that this Golan Trevize and his companion, whose name escapes me at the moment, are going we know not where – and that the First Speaker and Gendibal feel that Trevize holds the key to the outcome of this great crisis. What, then, are we to do? Clearly we must find out everything we can about Trevize; where he is going, what he is thinking, what his purpose may be; or, indeed, whether he has any destination, any thought, any purpose; whether he might not, in fact, be a mere tool of a force greater than he.† Gendibal said, â€Å"He is under observation.† Delarmi pursed her lips in an indulgent smile. â€Å"By whom? By one of our outworld agents? Are such agents to be expected to stand against those with the powers we have seen demonstrated here? Surely not. In the Mule's time, and later on, too, the Second Foundation did not hesitate to send out – and even to sacrifice – volunteers from among the best we had, since nothing less would do. When it was necessary to restore the Seldon Plan, Preem Palver himself scoured the Galaxy as a Trantorian trader in order to bring back that girl, Arkady. We cannot sit here and wait, now, when the crisis may be greater than in either previous case. We cannot rely on minor functionaries – watchers and messenger boys.† Gendibal said, â€Å"Surely you are not suggesting that the First Speaker leave Trantor at this time?† Delarmi said, â€Å"Certainly not. We need him badly here. On the other hand, there is you, Speaker Gendibal. It is you who have correctly sensed and weighed the crisis. It is you who detected the subtle outside interference with the Library and with Hamish minds. It is you who have maintained your views against the united opposition of the Table – and won. No one here has seen as clearly as you have and no one can be trusted, as you can, to continue to see clearly. It is you who must, in my opinion, go out to confront the enemy. May I have the sense of the Table?† There was no formal vote needed to reveal that sense. Each Speaker felt the minds of the others and it was clear to a suddenly appalled Gendibal that, at the moment of his victory and Delarmi's defeat, this formidable woman was managing to send him irrevocably into exile on a task that might occupy him for some indefinite period, while she remained behind to control the Table and, therefore, the Second Foundation and, therefore, the Galaxy – sending all alike, perhaps, to their doom. And if Gendibal-in-exile should, somehow, manage to gather the information that would enable the Second Foundation to avert the gathering crisis, it would be Delarmi who would have the credit for having arranged it, and his success would but confirm her power. The quicker Gendibal would be, the more efficiently he succeeded, the more surely he would confirm her power. It was a beautiful maneuver, an unbelievable recovery. And so clearly was she dominating the Table even now that she was virtually usurping the First Speaker's role. Gendibal's thought to that effect was overtaken by the rage he sensed from the First Speaker. He turned. The First Speaker was making no effort to hide his anger – and it soon was clear that another internal crisis was building to replace the one that had been resolved. Quindor Shandess, the twenty-fifth First Speaker, had no extraordinary illusions about himself. He knew he was not one of those few dynamic First Speakers who had illuminated the five-century-long history of the Second Foundation – but then, he didn't have to be. He controlled the Table in a quiet period of Galactic prosperity and it was not a time for dynamism. It had seemed to be a time to play a holding game and he had been the man for this role. His predecessor had chosen him for that reason. â€Å"You are not an adventurer, you are a scholar,† the twenty-fourth First Speaker had said. â€Å"You will preserve the Plan, where an adventurer might ruin it. Preserve! Let that be the key word for your Table.† He had tried, but it had meant a passive First Speakership and this had been, on occasion, interpreted as weakness. There had been recurrent rumors that he meant to resign and there had been open intrigue to assure the succession in one direction or another. There was no doubt in Shandess's mind that Delarmi had been a leader in the fight. She was the strongest personality at the Table and even Gendibal, with all the fire and folly of youth, retreated before her, as he was doing right now. But, by Seldon, passive he might be, or even weak, but there was one prerogative of the First Speaker that not one in the line had ever given up, and neither would he do so. He rose to speak and at once there was a hush about the Table. ‘When the First Speaker rose to speak, there could be no interruptions. Even Delarmi or Gendibal would not dare to interrupt. He said, â€Å"Speakers! I agree that we face a dangerous crisis and that we must take strong measures. It is I who should go out to meet the enemy. Speaker Delarmi, with the gentleness that characterizes her, excuses me from the task by stating that I am needed here. The truth, however, is that I am needed neither here nor there. I grow old; I grow weary. There has long been expectation I would someday resign and perhaps I ought to. When this crisis is successfully surmounted, I shall resign. â€Å"But, of course, it is the privilege of the First Speaker to choose his successor. I am going to do so now. There is one Speaker who has long dominated the proceedings of the Table; one Speaker who, by force of personality, has often supplied the leadership that I could not. You all know I am speaking of Speaker Delarmi.† He paused, then said, â€Å"You alone, Speaker Gendibal, are registering disapproval. May I ask why?† He sat down, so that Gendibal might have the right to answer. â€Å"I do not disapprove, First Speaker,† said Gendibal in a low voice. â€Å"It is your prerogative to choose your successor.† â€Å"And so I will. When you return – having succeeded in initiating the process that will put an end to this crisis – it will be time for my resignation. My successor will then be directly in charge of conducting whatever policies may be required to carry on and complete that process. – Do you have anything to say, Speaker Gendibal?† Gendibal said quietly, â€Å"When you make Speaker Delarmi your successor, First Speaker, I hope you will see fit to advise her to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The First Speaker interrupted him roughly. â€Å"I have spoken of Speaker Delarmi, but I have not named her as my successor. Now what do you have to say?† â€Å"My apologies, First Speaker. I should have said, assuming you make Speaker Delarmi your successor upon my return from this mission, would you see fit to advise her to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Nor will I make her my successor in the future, under any conditions. Now what do you have to say?† The First Speaker was unable to make this announcement without a stab of satisfaction at the blow he was delivering to Delarmi. He could not have done it in a more humiliating fashion. â€Å"Well, Speaker Gendibal,† he said, â€Å"what do you have to say?† â€Å"That I am confused.† The First Speaker rose again. He said, â€Å"Speaker Delarmi has dominated and led, but that is not all that is needed for the post of First Speaker. Speaker Gendibal has seen what we have not seen. He has faced the united hostility of the Table, and forced it to rethink matters, and has dragged it into agreement with him. I have my suspicions as to the motivation of Speaker Delarmi in placing the responsibility of the pursuit of Golan Trevize on the shoulders of Speaker Gendibal, but that is where the burden belongs. I know he will succeed – I trust my intuition in this – and when he returns, Speaker Gendibal will become the twenty-sixth First Speaker.† He sat down abruptly and each Speaker began to make clear his opinion in a bedlam of sound, tone, thought, and expression. The First Speaker paid no attention to the cacophony, but stared indifferently before him. Now that it was done, he realized – with some surprise – the great comfort there was in laying down the mantle of responsibility. He should have done it before this – but he couldn't have. It was not till now that he had found his obvious successor. And then, somehow, his mind caught that of Delarmi and he looked up at her. By Seldon! She was calm and smiling. Her desperate disappointment did not show – she had not given up. He wondered if he had played into her hands. ‘What was there left for her to do? Debra Delarmi would freely have shown her desperation and disappointment, if that would have proven of any use whatever. It would have given her a great deal of satisfaction to strike out at that senile fool who controlled the Table or at that juvenile idiot with whom Fortune had conspired – but satisfaction wasn't what she wanted. She wanted something more. She wanted to be First Speaker. And while there was a card left to play, she would play it. She smiled gently, and managed to lift her hand as though she were about to speak, and then held the pose just long enough to insure that when she did speak, all would be not merely normal, but radiantly quiet. She said, â€Å"First Speaker, as Speaker Gendibal said earlier, I do not disapprove. It is your prerogative to choose your successor. If I speak now, it is in order that I may contribute – I hope – to the success of what has now become Speaker Gendibal's mission. May I explain my thoughts, First Speaker?† â€Å"Do so,† said the First Speaker curtly. She was entirely too smooth, too pliant, it seemed to him. Delarmi bent her head gravely. She no longer smiled. She said, â€Å"We have ships. They are not as technologically magnificent as those of the First Foundation, but they will carry Speaker Gendibal He knows how to pilot one, I believe, as do we all. We have our representatives on every major planet in the Galaxy, and he will be welcomed everywhere. Moreover, he can defend himself against even these Anti-Mules, now that he is thoroughly aware of the danger. Even when we were unaware, I suspect they have preferred to work through the lower classes and even the Hamish farmers. We will, of course, thoroughly inspect the minds of all the Second Foundationers, including the Speakers, but I am sure they have remained inviolate. The Anti-Mules did not dare interfere with us. â€Å"Nevertheless, there is no reason why Speaker Gendibal should risk more than he must. He is not intending to engage in derring – do and it will be best if his mission is to some extent disguised – if he takes them unaware. It will be useful if he goes in the role of a Hamish trader. Preem Palver, we all know, went off into the Galaxy as a supposed trader.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Preem Palver had a specific purpose in doing so; Speaker Gendibal has not. If it appears a disguise of some sort is necessary, I am sure he will be ingenious enough to adopt one.† â€Å"With respect, First Speaker, I wish to point out a subtle disguise. Preem Palver, you will remember, took with him his wife and companion of many years. Nothing so thoroughly established the rustic nature of his character as the fact that he was traveling with his wife. It allayed all suspicion.† Gendibal said, â€Å"I have no wife. I have had companions, but none who would now volunteer to assume the marital role.† â€Å"This is well known, Speaker Gendibal,† said Delarmi, â€Å"but then people will take the role for granted if any woman is with you. Surely some volunteer can be found. And if you feel the need to be able to present documentary evidence, that can be provided. I think a woman should come with you.† For a moment, Gendibal was breathless. Surely she did not mean. Could it be a ploy to achieve a share in the success? Could she be playing for a joint – or rotating – occupation of the First Speakership? Gendibal said grimly, â€Å"I am flattered that Speaker Delarmi should feel that she†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And Delarmi broke into an open laugh and looked at Gendibal with what was almost true affection. He had fallen into the trap and looked foolish for having done so. The Table would not forget that. She said, â€Å"Speaker Gendibal, I would not have the impertinence to attempt to share in this task. it is yours and yours alone, as the post of First Speaker will be yours and yours alone. I would not have thought you wanted me with you. Really, Speaker, at my age, I no longer think of myself as a charmer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There were smiles around the Table and even the First Speaker tried to hide one. Gendibal felt the stroke and labored not to compound the loss by failing to match her lightness. It was labor lost. He said, as unsavagely as he could, â€Å"Then what is it you would suggest? It was not in my thoughts, I assure you, that you would wish to accompany me. You are at your best at the Table and not in the hurly-burly of Galactic affairs, I know.† â€Å"I agree, Speaker Gendibal, I agree,† said Delarmi. â€Å"My suggestion, however, refers back to your role as Hamish trader. To make it indisputably authentic, what better companion need you ask but a Hamishwoman?† â€Å"A Hamishwoman?† For a second time in rapid succession, Gendibal was caught by surprise and the Table enjoyed it. â€Å"The Hamishwoman,† Delarmi went on. â€Å"The one who saved you from a beating. The one who gazes at you worshipfully. The one whose mind you probed and who then, quite unwittingly, saved you a second time from considerably more than a beating. I suggest you take her.† Gendibal's impulse was to refuse, but he knew that she expected that. It would mean more enjoyment for the Table. It was clear now that the First Speaker, anxious to strike out at Delarmi, had made a mistake by naming Gendibal his successor – or, at the very least, that Delarmi had quickly converted it into one. Gendibal was the youngest of the Speakers. He had angered the Table and had then avoided conviction by them. In a very real way, he had humiliated them. None could see him as the heir apparent without resentment. That would have been hard enough to overcome, but now they would remember how easily Delarmi had twitched him into ridicule and how much they had enjoyed it. She would use that to convince them, all too easily, that he lacked the age and experience for the role of First Speaker. Their united pressure would force the First Speaker into changing his decision while Gendibal was off on his mission. Or, if the First Speaker held fast, Gendibal would eventually find himself with an office that would be forever helpless in the face of united opposition. He saw it all in an instant and was able to answer as though with out hesitation. – He said, â€Å"Speaker Delarmi, I admire your insight. I had thought to surprise you all. It was indeed my intention to take the Hamishwoman, though not quite for the very good reason you suggest. It was for her mind that I wished to take her with me. You have all examined that mind. You saw it for what it was: surprisingly intelligent but, more than that, clear, simple, utterly without guile. No touch upon it by others would go unnoticed, as I'm sure you all concluded. â€Å"I wonder if it occurred to you, then, Speaker Delarmi, that she would serve as an excellent early-warning system. I would detect the first symptomatic presence of mentalism by way of her mind, earlier, I think, than by way of mine.† There was a kind of astonished silence at that, and he said, lightly. â€Å"Ah, none of you saw that. Well well, not important! And I will take my leave now. There's no time to lose.† â€Å"Wait,† said Delarmi, her initiative lost a third time. â€Å"What do you intend to do?† Gendibal said with a small shrug. â€Å"Why go into details? The less the Table knows, the less the Anti-Mules are likely to attempt to disturb it.† He said it as though the safety of the Table was his prime concern. He filled his mind with that, and let it show. It would flatter them. More than that, the satisfaction it would bring might keep them from wondering whether, in fact, Gendibal knew exactly what it was he intended to do. The First Speaker spoke to Gendibal alone that evening. â€Å"You were right,† he said. â€Å"I could not help brushing below the surface of your mind. I saw you considered the announcement a mistake and it was. It was my eagerness to wipe that eternal smile off her face and to strike back at the casual way in which she so frequently usurps my role.† Gendibal said gently, â€Å"It might have been better if you had told me privately and had then waited for my return to go further.† â€Å"That would not have allowed me to strike out at her. – Poor motivation for a First Speaker, I know.† â€Å"This won't stop her, First Speaker. She will still intrigue for the post and perhaps with good reason. I'm sure there are some who would argue that I should have refused your nomination. It would not be hard to argue that Speaker Delarmi has the best mind at the Table and would make the best First Speaker.† â€Å"The best mind at the Table, not away from it,† grumbled Shandess. â€Å"She recognizes no real enemies, except for other Speakers. She ought never to have been made a Speaker in the first place. – See here, shall I forbid you to take the Hamishwoman? She maneuvered you into that, I know.† â€Å"No no, the reason I advanced for taking her is a true one. She will be an early-warning system and I am grateful to Speaker Delarmi for pushing me into realizing that. The woman will prove very useful, I'm convinced.† â€Å"Good, then. By the way, I wasn't lying, either. I am truly certain that you will accomplish whatever is needed to end this crisis – if you can trust my intuition.† â€Å"I think I can trust it, for I agree with you. I promise you that whatever happens, I will return better than I receive. I will come back to be First Speaker, whatever the Anti-Mules – or Speaker Delarmi – can do.† Gendibal studied his own satisfaction even as he spoke. Why was he so pleased, so insistent, on this one-ship venture into space? Ambition, of course. Preem Palver had once done just this sort of thing and he was going to show that Stor Gendibal could do it, too. No one could withhold the First Speakership from him after that. And yet was there more than ambition? The lure of combat? The generalized desire for excitement in one who had been confined to a hidden patch on a backward planet all his adult life? – He didn't entirely know, but he knew he was desperately intent on going.