The World s Fastest Growing Criminal Act - 1434 Words

Silence Slavery What would you guess is the world’s fastest growing criminal act? Illegal arms? Drugs? Congraduations! You would be wrong. The fastest growing criminal act just happens to be human trafficking or in more blunt terms, slavery (â€Å"25 painfully†).Human trafficking is a large ongoing problem , not just in other countries but right here in the United States; human trafficking violates human rights and we all need to do our part in leading our country out of this plague. Human trafficking is not a new phenomenon, it has been happening for so long that there is no specific starting date, that can be pinpointed. Regardless of its exact origin it sounds like an issue that belongs to poor foreign countries countries like North Korea,†¦show more content†¦Despite the majority s newfounded opinion, human trafficking in the US has increased. The US is known to be a major trafficking destination. The state Department estimates that 18,000 women,men, and children are trafficked into the US each year from dozens of countries. Many victims arrive in the US through three main trafficking hubs: Los Angeles, New York City, and Miami, but as of 2004, forced labor victims had been identified in at least 90 US cities in 31 states. In addition, thousands of US citizens,mostly women and children, are trafficked to within US borders primarily for sexual exploitation (Identification of human trafficking). The scary truth of it is that human trafficking is not only the world s problem. It s the United States problem, as well. Besides being the third fastest growing criminal act, there are several other heartbreaking, and shocking facts surrounding human trafficking. In 2013 the average cost of a slave was between ninety and one hundred US dollars. Since 80% of human trafficking involves sexual exploitation and 20% is labor exploitation with the world wide estimate of about 20 to 30 million slaves (youtube). The severity of the situation is becoming increasingly apparent as the number of people, mainly females, being forced into these tragic situations is constantly growing. However, for a moment allow the defendant to take his stand. What about the benefactors of

Essay on Cartoons A Double-Edged Sword - 1615 Words

Our children live in a world based on fantasy in a medium that most people have access to. This medium does not require complex skills to get information, which is why cartoons have become a double-edged sword. We know that cartoons are directed to children and therefore should have a positive influence on them, but this varies according to the programming and control of parents over their children. Most kids are pulled into the world of television long before they even enter school. In 2009, in an article written by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), reported that every kid in America under the age of 6 watches an average of about 2 hours of screen media a day, primarily TV (1495-1946). Although cartoons are considered an†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The era of the black white series started with the debut of The Mighty Mouse Playhouse on CBS network in 1955. Then the Flintstones was the first cartoon to be telecast during the evening† (Walt Disney Animation St udios). Evidence Although cartoons are fun to watch, there are many psychological aspects that are associated with the consumption of animated television series. According to the AAP, one of the main forms of expression to indicate what a person feels psychologically is affected by aggression or violence (1495). In other words, the emotional impact that a cartoon can cause in a person, generates a strong emotional reaction, which is reflected in their behavior after being displayed on the screen. Children can become less sensitive to pain, more fearful of the world around them, and is more likely to behave aggressively or harmful to others (1498-1499). This is because children tend to learn from the behaviors developed by cartoon characters and imitate them. Parents believe cartoons aren’t bad for children to watch, but they can affect their children in a big way. Children have big imaginations. Children’s imagination tends to grow, but are sometimes focused on the wrong things. 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Director of ‘Avatar’ James Cameron waited around 20 years until 3D animation has advance before startingRead MoreThe Shadows Of Objectification Of Women1886 Words   |  8 Pagessurgery will fix whatever is wrong with them. A researcher stated that the average self-esteem score increased a half of a point after surgery. The fact that celebrities and real girls are admitting that they have undergone an operation is a double-edged sword. Eventually, â€Å"the more teens who open up about their treatments, it makes getting your chin slimmed or breasts pumped up seem as trivial as a tooth cleaning†(Abbondanza Par.12). Meanwhile, every celebrity will say they like how they look, butRead MoreThe Shadows Of Objectification Of Women1876 Words   |  8 Pagessurgery will fix whatever is wrong with them. A researcher stated that the average self-esteem score increased a half of a point after surgery. 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Was the Labour party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair a success Free Essays

Abstract Tony Blair’s foreign policy can be divided into two phases, the first broadly successful and the second a failure. The Labour government’sNorthern Irelandpeace settlement and the formation of Blair’s ‘humanitarian interventionist’ doctrine in Kosovo andSierra Leone, can be regarded as successful. A far less successful five years followed from 2002 as a result of the support provided for George Bush’s invasion ofIraqand for the whole ‘war on terror’ agenda. We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Labour party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair a success? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The early successes were overshadowed by the political costs associated with an unpopular war. Introduction The Labour Party’s foreign policy during the years of the Blair governments can be judged in a variety of ways, including the verdict of the media and the response of voters. Rather than seek an objective test, this essay will follow the line of Buller (2008) that political success is defined as the achievement of one’s own goals through politics. Labour trumpeted an ethical foreign policy in its early years, as elucidated by Foreign Secretary Robin Cook (1997). Security, promotion of trade and protection of the environment were the other three principles of the policy. I will show how this early vision, although difficult to fulfil within the constraints imposed by international power politics and economic self-interest, did achieve some successes. It will then show how this framework evolved into Tony Blair’s doctrine of ‘intervention’ as defined by Blair at the Chicago Economic Club (Blair, 1999). Body The ethical foreign policy was an attempt to bring New Labour’sThird Waydoctrine, evolved primarily for domestic policy, to the international arena (Wheeler and Dunne, 1998). A ‘Third Way’ foreign policy would break with both traditional realism and its opposite doctrine, idealism, by promoting human rights while at the same time recognizing that ‘terrible moral choices have sometimes to be made’ in international affairs (Hedley Ball 1983). Wheeler and Dunne (1998) raised the possibility that the pursuit of human rights could lead to action outside the accepted channels of deploying military force only with sanction of the UN security council. This issue would become paramount in the run-up to the war withIraqand lead to Cook’s resignation from the government. Early successes of this doctrine had the effect of reinforcing Blair’s conviction that he, rather than Foreign Office advisors or other members of the government, knew the right course (Daddow, 2009). Blair led the charge of NATO to take military action againstYugoslaviato prevent a humanitarian catastrophe in Kosovo. The success of this policy can be judged by the relative peace and security now seen in Kosovo and the Balkans. Blair later explained how he saw modern wars as being fought on television as much as on the ground (PBS, 2000). Blair was a successful propagandist and, as seen later in the run-up to theIraqwar, he became the public face of the new wars of intervention. In Blair’s first term, the government could justifiably claim a historic success in theNorthern Irelandpeace process, which was concluded with the Good Friday agreement of 1998. The peace deal was achieved with the support ofDublinandWashington, as well as the republican and loyalist parties to the conflict in Northern Ireland (BBC). In Europe, Labour broke with Conservative Euro-scepticism and sought greater influence forBritainwithin the EU. Bulmer (2008) describes the schizophrenia of what he calls Labour’s utilitarian supranationalism which was exposed in the two manifesto pledges on European policy: to hold a referendum on participation in the single currency; and to lead reform in the EU (Labour Party, 1997). At the Lisbon Summit in 2000 theUKhad considerable influence on the treaty document which set out to transformEuropeinto ‘the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010’ (European Council, 2000). TheUK’s voting weight in the Council of Europe was also increased to 29. Chancellor Gordon Brown’s five economic tests forBritain’s participation in the single currency dominated Labour’s relations withEuropeduring the second Blair government (2001–5). However, theIraqwar caused a split betweenBritainand its key European all ies, France andGermany, and made it much more difficult forBritainto maintain constructive relations with EU partners. Brown’s grip on the euro policy also pushed Blair further toward interventionist policies overseas where he had full control over policy. Rasmussen (2003) describes Blair using a hegemonic western metanarrative about security and peace-building and warning against letting dictators go unchallenged. While it can be argued that this idea worked successfully in the Kosovo intervention and when Blair sent British forces to fight rebels inSierra Leone, it was less successful inAfghanistan, and disastrous inIraq. InAfghanistanthere was broad international support for the war against the Taliban and Al Qaeda in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. Such a consensus was absent for the invasion ofIraq. The war aim was the removal of Saddam Hussein’s weapons of mass destruction. When the invading forces failed to find these, the occupation’s raison d’etre was changed to one of lifting the tyranny of the regime and bringing democracy toIraq. Plant (2008) argues that Blair misjudged the motivations of hisUScounterpart, seeing a liberal ally where there was really an economic realist concerned with national interest. Blair set out five tests of intervention in his Chicago speech (1999): are we sure of our case, has diplomacy been exhausted, are we in for the long term, are national interests involved, can military operations be sensibly and prudently undertaken. One can argue that these tests were not met inIraq. Blair not only faced mass public opposition to the war, he also began to lose support within his own party. This culminated in a revolt over the government’s support forIsrael’sLebanoninvasion of 2006. It was following this crisis that Blair was compelled to commit to stand down as Prime Minister, making way for Gordon Brown. Conclusion After 9/11, Blair’s confidence in his own Biblical vision of intervention of good against evil (Seldon, 2005) led to an unshakeable alliance with George W Bush. This would tie the Labour government into support for a divisive and increasingly unpopular foreign policy. By associating so closely with aUSPresident widely seen as pursuing narrow party and economic interests against world public opinion, Blair’s foreign policy became a poison chalice for the Labour government that ultimately sealed his own fate as Prime Minister and overshadowed earlier foreign policy successes. REFERENCES BBC News (1998) On This Day, 10/04/98 http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/10/newsid_2450000/2450823.stm Blair, A. (1999) ‘Doctrine of The International Community’, Speech to theChicago Economic Club, Chicago. Tony Blair (2000) War in Europe, Frontline Interviews, PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kosovo/interviews/blair.html Bull, H. (1983) ‘Justice in International Relations’, Hagey Lectures,University of Waterloo,Ontario. Buller, J. (2008) ‘New Labour and the European Union’ in Beech, M. And Lee, S. Ten Years of New Labour. (Palgrave Macmillan,UK) Bulmer, S. (2008) ‘New Labour, New European PolicyBlair, Brown and Utilitarian Supranationalism’ Oxford Journals, Parliamentary Affairs. Robin Cook Speech on Ethical Foreign Policy, The Guardian, 12/05/97 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/1997/may/12/indonesia.ethicalforeignpolicy Daddow, O. (2009) ‘Tony’s war’Blair, Kosovo and the interventionist impulse in British foreign policy’, International Affairs. European Parliament (2000) ‘LisbonEuropean Council Presidency Conclusions’, 23-24 March 2000 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/lis1_en.htm Labour Party (1997) ‘New Labour: Because Britain Deserves Better’ (Labour Party,London) Malmvig, H. (2006) State Sovereignty and Intervention: A Discourse Analysis of Interventionary and Non-Interventionary Practices in Kosovo andAlgeria. (Routledge,UK) Rasmussen, M. V. (2003) ‘The history of a lesson: Versailles, Munichand the social construction of the past’, Review of International Studies. Seldon. A. (2005) ‘Blair’ (Free Press, NY) Walmer, N. and Dunne, T. (1998) ‘Good International Citizenship: A Third Wayfor British Foreign Policy’, International Affairs How to cite Was the Labour party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair a success?, Essay examples Was the Labour party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair a success Free Essays The years of Labour Party rule under Tony Blair were characterised by an interventionist foreign policy which saw troops being deployed toKosovo,Sierra Leone,AfghanistanandIraq. An analysis of the stated aims of these interventions as well as the outcomes of them, on balance, leads one to conclude that they fail to meet a minimum standard required to be deemed successful. This essay will outline in more detail those aims and outcomes which lead the author to such a conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Labour party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair a success? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essay In order to adequately answer the above question there are a number of points which must first be addressed; firstly, what were the characteristics of Labour Party foreign policy under BlairSecondly, what were the aims of this foreign policyAnd finally, how does one define successMr Blair will have one definition, the media will have another and the citizens of the countries into which British troops have been sent will have another still. Such ambiguities are likely to lead to difficulties in carrying out an objective analysis. We will begin by identifying the foreign policy ideology of the Labour Party during the Blair years. Prior to becoming Prime Minister, Tony Blair was noted for his concentration on domestic affairs and was largely viewed as lacking in Foreign Policy clout (Dyson, 2009: 2-3). Upon entering office however this soon changed. Blair took the leadership role in his relationship with U.S President Clinton and demonstrated, in Kosovo andSierra Leone, the interventionist ideology which was to be the corner stone of labour Party foreign policy for the next ten years. â€Å"Those that can act, must† he argued at the Labour Party conference of 2001 (Dyson, 2009: 35). The arrival in 2000 of President Bush to the White House and particularly the attacks of September 11 2001 emboldened Blair in his interventionist ideals. So what were the aims of the various interventions? Blair’s willingness to talk in almost biblical terms has been expressly noted by many commentators; â€Å"He conceptualises the world as a struggle between good and evil in which his particular vocation is to advance the former.† (Seldon, 2005: 700). Taken at face value this was the aim of Labour Party foreign policy. In Kosovo the ethnic cleansing being carried out by Milosevic had to be stopped; in Sierra Leone civil war was tearing apart the country (Dorman, 2009): in Afghanistan the Taliban had to be removed (first for harbouring Al Qaeda and later more generally for their human rights record) and finally, in Iraq, Saddam was oppressing his people and was also a potential threat to world peace (Omaar, 2004). How successful were these interventions? The relative peace to be found in Kosovo and inSierra Leonetoday would seem to suggest that those particular forays were indeed successful. Stable governments are now in place and the widespread violence that was typical pre-intervention has come to an end (Dorman, 2009). In these instances the Labour Party and Tony Blair are seen to have acted successfully and in a manner consistent with their ideals. AfghanistanandIraqare however, not nearly so clear cut. While initially enjoying widespread support for the invasion ofAfghanistanand the hut for Osama Bin Laden, Blair soon found his troops bogged down in an insurgency against formidable opponents, while the purpose of the expedition became more obscure and any measure of success more elusive. As reported by the Guardian, the Taliban were not gotten rid of and remain to this day the dominant opposition to a democratic state (â€Å"Top Commander†, 2011); nor was Osama Bin Laden found there, it has it fact become a breathing ground for young jihadists. The huge civilian casualties are the overriding images of that war (UNAMA, 2011). For these reasons the Labour Party’s foreign policy in relation toAfghanistan, their attempt to bring peace and democracy as well to win a major battle in the â€Å"war on terror†, can only be judged a failure. ConsideringIraqand the purported aims of that invasion, i.e. removing a brutal dictator, ending the threat posed by WMDs and bringing democracy to the country, we could say that leadership of the Labour Party succeeded in the first, in the second by default and failed entirely in the last. The civilian death toll inIraq, as impossible as it is to get an exact figure, has certainly been even higher than inAfghanistan(Fischer, 2008). The failure of both the Labour Party inLondonand the Republican Party inWashingtonto advance any real post war strategy has been the fatal flaw in the Iraqi endeavour. The destruction of the infrastructure of democracy that took place during the looting and burning of government buildings inBagdad, whilst American troops looked on, is viewed by many as the most important factor which prevented a successful transition (Omaar, 2004). Therefore, the foreign policy of the Labour party under Blair must here also be judged as being unsuccessful. It would be irresponsible not to mention another point here. What if the real aims of Labour Party’s foreign policy were not quite so altruistic and not quite so obviousWhen a million people took to the streets of London in 2003 to oppose the war in Iraq (as well as the more veiled disquiet among members of his own party such as Robin Cook and Clare Short (Casey, 2009: 242)) they contended that Tony Blair was merely doing the bidding of, firstly, the oil companies who desired access to Iraq’s rich oil reserves (Wearden, 2011) and secondly the construction companies who would rebuild the country. Whether this is true or not, it is only in these terms that the Labour Party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair could be judged an unequivocal success. In conclusion, I do not believe on the whole that the foreign policy of the Labour Party under Tony Blair was successful. A careful apolitical analysis of the stated aims and achievements of their policies is enough demonstrate this. It is not clear cut however. There have been occasions such as in Kosovo andSierra Leone where the stated aims of intervention have been achieved and for which the Labour Party, Tony Blair and their collective foreign policy deserve some recognition; not enough to tip the balance however. Bibliography: Casey. T, 2009, â€Å"The Blair legacy† (Palgrave Macmillan,UK) Dorman. A, 2009, â€Å"Blair’s successful war: British Military intervention in Sierra Leone† (Ashgate Publishing,UK) Dyson.S, 2009, â€Å"The Blair Identity: Leadership and Foreign Policy†, (ManchesterUniversityPress,UK) Fischer. H, 2008, â€Å"CRS report for Congress: Iraqi Civilian Deaths Estimates†, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22537.pdf (viewed 10am 9/09/11) Omaar. R, 2004, â€Å"Revolution Day: The real story of the battle for Iraq† (Penguin,UK) Seldon. A, 2005, â€Å"Blair† (Free Press, NY) â€Å"Top commander looks ahead to talks with the Taliban†, The Guardian, 25/03/2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/defence-and-security-blog/2011/mar/25/petraeus-taliban?INTCMP=SRCH. (viewed 9.30am 09/09/11) Wearden. G, â€Å"Tony Hayward in line for multimillion windfall after Iraq oil deal†, The Guardian, (7/09/11) http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/sep/07/tony-hayward-windfall-kurdistan (viewed at 12am 9/09/11) United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) 2011, â€Å"Annual Report 2010 Protection of civilians in armed conflict†, http://unama.unmissions.org/Portals/UNAMA/human%20rights/March%20PoC%20Annual%20Report%20Final.pdf (viewed at 9.00am 09/09/11) How to cite Was the Labour party’s foreign policy under Tony Blair a success?, Essay examples

Honor Bound by Joseph Steffan free essay sample

Critical analysis of logical ethical flaws in authors argument for right of gays to serve in military. Joseph Steffan, in Honor Bound: A Gay Naval Midshipman Fights to Serve His Country, argues convincingly that he and every gay man or woman has the right to serve his country in the military. There is no question that legally Steffan is correct in his argument. This reader wholeheartedly supports Steffan in his moral and legal fight to exercise that right. Any law -civilian or military/*-which discriminates against gays should be abolished, period. Steffans personal commitment to that struggle wins this readers total support. However, this piece will question the overall philosophy of the author on two counts. First, that philosophy is weak with contradictions between his plea for moral and humane treatment of gays by individuals and institutions, and the utterly immoral and inhumane nature of the profession he sought to pursue as a member of the military. We will write a custom essay sample on Honor Bound by Joseph Steffan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That

Abraham Lincoln Essays (1857 words) - Abraham Lincoln,

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. When he was two, the Lincoln's moved a few miles to another farm on the old Cumberland Trail. A year later, his mother gave birth to another boy, Thomas, but he died a few days later. When Lincoln was seven his family moved to Indiana. In 1818, Lincoln's mother died from a deadly disease called the "milk-sick." Then ten years later his sister died and left him with only his father and stepmother. Lincoln traveled to New Salem in April 1831 and settled there the following July. In the fall of 1836 he and Mrs. Bennett Abell had a deal that if she brought her single sister to New Salem he had to promise to marry her. When she arrived he was not to pleased with her because her skin was full of fat. Around seven months later he asked Mrs. Orville Browning to marry him but she said no. Lincoln met his wife to be, Mary Todd, at the grand cotillion in honor of the completion of the new capital building in 1839. They got engaged and a while later he broke off the engagement because she was seeing other men. Around a year later in Springfield on November 4, 1842 Abraham and Mary got married. In 1844, Abraham and his wife were able to purchase their own house in Springfield. It was a one-and-a-half story frame cottage. In May 1843, the Lincoln's had a son and named him Robert, after the addition to the family they made the house a full two story house. Lincoln had three more sons Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas. Edward died at the age of three, the cause of death was either consumption or pulmonary tuberculosis. In 1832 Lincoln announced himself a candidate for the state legislature but he was defeated. Then a year later he was appointed postmaster of New Salem and in the fall he became deputy county surveyor. He really wanted a seat in the Illinois legislature so he ran again and was elected with bipartisan support. Lincoln was very interested in being a lawyer, he would walk fifteen miles just to watch the court cases in Boonville, Indiana. Lincoln got a license to practice law after several hard years of teaching himself. By the early 1850s, the Lincoln-Herndon law office had become a leading Springfield firm. Chairman of the Senate's Committee on Territories, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois came out with a new congressional act. Lincoln thought the Kansas-Nebraska Act was just wrong. In the summer of 1854 Lincoln decided to campaign for a position in the Illinois State Assembly. In November he won but resigned because he wanted a seat in the United States Senate, where he thought he could make a real difference. He was defeated by Lyman Trumbull but in 1856, Lincoln was helping to create a new political party in Illinois called the Republicans. The new party's first and primary goal was to prevent Democrat James Buchanan from winning the Presidency, it failed. Then two days after Buchanan's inauguration the Supreme Court ruled the Missouri Compromise"unconstitutional" and denied that Negros could never be considered American citizens. On June 16, 1858 the Illinois State Republican Convention nominated Lincoln to run against Stephen Douglas for the United States Senate. The seven Lincoln-Douglas debates during the late summer and fall of 1858 were the highlight of the campaign, in towns all over the state. Ten thousand people attended the opening three-hour debate in Ottawa, Illinois, and there were fifteen thousand at the second in Freeport. Douglas won the Senate race, but the debates launched Lincoln on his own path to presidency. In 1861, on March 4 Lincoln was inaugurated as President. Lincoln's first official act was the appointment of John G. Nicolay as his private secretary. One month after he had taken office he got word that the 6th Massachusetts Infantry was on its way to defend Washington, which had been attacked by a Baltimore mob leaving thirteen people dead. In May of 1861 Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas joined the Confederacy. The first important battle of the war takes place near Manassas along a sluggish creek called Bull Run, 20 miles southwest of Washington. The battle killed 847 people and more than 2,500 were wounded. Lincoln felt for the slaves and tried to do alot to help them out by signing a law giving freedom to slaves who are being used by Confederates to help in the war effort. On February 20, 1862 the Lincoln's eleven-year-old son, Willie died of bilious fever. He

nazi propaganda essays

nazi propaganda essays How did the Nazis ensure that the changes made during the 1930s had a constant public support? Why did they think this support is necessary? The Nazis ensured the changes made during the 1930s had constant public support is by a number of reasons. Germany, being a totalitarian state, used methods to control the population. These are to deal with political, social, economic, and foreign policy changes in Germany. One of the methods used by the Nazis was an organised propaganda movement and indoctrination, which is to put across a limited range of ideas especially when the intention is to establish other ideas. In 1933, the Ministry for Peoples enlightenment and propaganda was set up in order to co-ordinate the German government and the people. Under Joseph Goebbels , the ministry was effective. Goebbels was able to control the whole of Germanys intellectual life and culture, and he realized the importance of the medium radio. He also prevented the spread of threatening ideas by banning books, informs universities and schools what to teach. Much attention has been given to the organisation, production and output of domestic and foreign propaganda in the press, arts, and films. R.Herzstein calls the propaganda war The war Hitler won. Using methods like propaganda and indoctrination, there were of course people who resist to the new system. To prevent these resistances, the Nazis use organisations to terrorise these people into accepting the Nazi rule. Terror was used to reign in fringe elements with the aid of population at large. Organisations have been set up or ordered to do this. The SS is one of the military groups which were used to terrorise the people under the leadership or Heinrich Himmler. Another group is the Geheime Staatspolizei (The Gestapo). It is a secret group which tortures people to give exact information. To affect the political system, the Gestapo handled politica ...

The topic is in details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The topic is in details - Essay Example During disputes, each party has specific needs and wants. Conflict ensues because both differing parties do not agree about whose wants and needs takes precedence over the others’. Negotiation strives to create an environment where prioritization of interests can be achieved. In case prioritization fails, negotiation will help conflicting parties reach an agreement through balanced compromise of their respective interests. According to Smith (2000), such balanced compromise of interests creates fairness. However, conflicting parties may fail to agree because both sides may hold substantially different understanding and perspectives of fairness. An example of such a situation is seen in the ancient Melian-Athens conflict features in the Melian Dialogue by Thucydides. Prior to engaging in any negotiation or in understanding why two conflicting parties are engaging in a negotiation, it is appropriate to appraise the causative aspects of an underlying conflict. In addition, it is advisable to acknowledge the social, political and economic context in which conflicts and subsequent negotiations are taking place. Melian Dialogue by Thucydides covers events surrounding tribal conflicts in ancient Greece. Despite being a single empire, Greece was divided along its ethnic lines. Buckley (2010) said that there were two major divisions, the Athenians deriving its roots from the Ionians and the Spartans from the Dorian heritage. Sparta adopted an oligarchic political structure characterized by a few wealthy members of the society commanding and ruling the rest of the citizens. On the contrary, Athens was democratic and the wealthiest nation in Greece. In this case, both parties held contrary political, economic and social opinions which lead to growing tens ion between them. Sparta had allies, including Melos while Athens also had its allies. Increasing tension sparked a 10-year conflict marking the first phase of Peloponnesian war between Sparta and its allies

Compare two german films. Metropolis by Fritz Lang and Nowhere in Essay

Compare two german films. Metropolis by Fritz Lang and Nowhere in Africa by Caroline Link - Essay Example It shows the effects of denial or acceptance of ones position in the society. Metropolis has a very strong relation with the music an sounds of the industrial age. The fascination with the Russian â€Å"machine sounds† of the time, the locomotive engines , large factory machines and the amazing wonders of the industrial age were the heart of the film to express the future that was yet to be. It is no wonder the movie tends to be associated with this effects. Nowhere in Africa, contrasts this with the music of the contemporary 21st century society. One significant difference that is observable in these two films is the fact that Metropolis is a silent film. Nowhere in Africa presents its gist to the audience through dialogue and music, Metropolis on the other hand it is only the music and the emotions that can express to the audience the characters feelings. Each and every person who views it interprets it in the best way he or she understands it. In addition to this fact, the two movies present a paradox of each other. For instance, Metro is a film that was made in 1927. It is however a flash forward science fiction depicting a future date in which it is set. It tries to reveal the fears that were in the hearts of the society at the time it was being made and what they harbored. The dystopia in which it is set develops from a capitalist society that is scary to them and portends unimaginable hardships. Nowhere in Africa on the other hand is set in retrospect. It is based on an autobiographical novel is a society that knows what has already happened, and can appreciate the gist of the movie. It was made in the twenty first century and reveals the horrors of years past, of a regime that is infamous and the effect that it had on one particular family. Uprooted from their homeland, the community that they were used to and the status that they really enjoyed, they find themselves in a distant place in Africa, running a farm in Kenya, a colony which does not g ive them the same status, facilities, utilities and amenities that their high class lifestyle was accustomed to. Metropolis and Nowhere in Africa present several similarities too. For instance, the former is considered the last among several great adventures of the silent screen during the time. It had a series or serious and ambitiously absurd plotting that attacked the society’s view of the future. The movie was created in a Germany that was changing, and changing rapidly. The imperialist administration had died and several people were afraid, almost paranoid, about what the future held for them. This is why the director of the film presented similar sentiments and prophetic looks as to a future that lay before them, the fear of capitalism. Nowhere in Africa has also won several accolades in its time. It also draws comparisons from the Metropolis. Set retrospectively, the movie shows the fears that the contemporary have come to understand. While in a way it also presents it s fears for a communist society it also show how a large

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Anthropology - Essay Example There was the development of complex form of communication. People also formed government due to their centralized form of life (Ferraro & Andreatta, 2009). This paper seeks to present some of the biological and/or social consequences of humans switching from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a farming lifestyle. There were various consequences of human switching from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to a farming lifestyle. Most of these consequences are social and biological. The most significant change was brought by sedentary life. This form of life encouraged high population growth. As a result, more food was needed to satisfy the ever-increasing population. However, this led to increased competition for food as human population rose above the available food. Additionally, the shift from hunter-gatherer to farming led to diet change. This had a tremendous influence on the anatomy of human teeth and jaws. This is because initially human was adapted to hard food, but this shift led to adoption of simple food that required little effort to chew. In fact, the hunter-gatherer had longer, narrower jawbones. The size of jaw became shorter when farming was adopted because most of the foods were raw and processed (Larsen, 1995). Moreover, the rate of disease transmission increased as the hunter-gather er adopted a more sedentary lifestyle. This was because of the unhealthy practices and living together with other domesticated animals (Larsen, 1995). Therefore, society became more susceptible to disease than it was before. Additionally, the change of life to a more sedentary life meant people could farm instead of hunting and gathering. This forced people to settle down in a centralized place. Consequently, there was the development of settlement and group living in the society. This was followed by development of more complex social institutions, and thus well-established forms of communication. There was also division of work and this led to the development of government

Building Information Model in Energy Performance

Building Information Model in Energy Performance CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction Building Information Model can be applied in various stages from feasibility study to demolition stage. The application of BIM in energy performance and life cycle cost assessment are presented in this research. According to Grilo and Jardim-Goncalves (2010), Building Information Modelling can be applied to the design of energy performance of a building and to evaluate the difference between various construction materials of the envelope. BIM becomes possible to assess the performance of the life cycle cost of the building in the early design stages. To study the benefits and ambiguous of the integration of the BIM and Life Cycle Cost Assessment, the energy-saving performance of the curtain wall system was focused to have assessment in annual energy consumption , by using BIM softwares. Through the assessment of energy consumption, the Life Cycle Cost of HVAC system and lighting system of the commercial building can be evaluated. Research Framework To fulfill the aims of the research, an all-round research on the integration of BIM and life cycle cost assessment containing literature review, pilot study with its results, discussion, conclusions and recommendation. The research framework is illustrated as figure 3.2.1. Literature Review The purpose of the literature review is to study about the BIM application in the construction industry in recent years. Besides, reading other literatures before pilot study can comprehend the knowledge about the definition of BIM, formulas of life cycle cost and the process to assess the energy saving performance of curtain wall via the BIM environment. Besides, the definition, merits and elements of life cycle cost have been studied in the review. Some relevant books, journals and papers are the major sources of literature review in this paper. Data Collection and Practicability of Pilot Study In this stage, a commercial building with curtain wall system is selected to have pilot study in this paper. Architectural 2D drawings of the building and some detail information about the building should also be collected at this stage. Furthermore, various data about curtain wall should be amassed, such as the shading coefficient and the lighting transmittance of certain curtain wall systems of the commercial building. After the preparatory study of the data and drawings, the practicability of conducting the pilot study can be assessed. The examination of BIM softwares which can be adopted in this study should also be conducted at this stage. Development of Building Model With the collected 2D drawings of the commercial building, the floor plans of the buildings are converted to a 3D model drawing by entering those dimensions to eQUEST. After that other information about curtain wall system, such as the type and specification of curtain wall system, should be inputted to the software. Conducting Pilot Study Background of the Pilot Study In Hong Kong, around 66% of electricity consumption was used by the commercial sector. In order to investigate the energy saving measure of the commercial sector, a commercial building with a curtain wall system which is one of the current methods to save electricity is the targeted building in this study. The design and layout out of the building assessed is similar to the commercial building nowadays. Besides, ten types of curtain wall are selected to be assessed with the target building and the cost data of those curtain wall systems are collected from consultant firms and contractors. In this pilot study, there are three sustainable performance assessments. With the integration of BIM and the pilot study, the annual energy consumption of the commercial building can be assessed with the use of BIM. After the assessment of performance, the life cycle cost which is used to assess the cost of an asset over a specified period of time can be calculated. Table 3.6.1 Background Information about Pilot Study Assessment eQUEST is used to assess the energy performance of the targeted building. Three assessments are included in energy assessment and they are i) relationship between U-value and energy consumption of HVAC system, ii) relationship between shading coefficient and HVAC system and iii) visible transmittance and lighting system. After the energy performance assessment, an economic performance assessment would be conducted. The value of energy consumption obtained by eQUEST in chapter 6 will also be used to calculate the life cycle cost of the building with the use of Microsoft Excel 2013. About the detail processes of calculating life cycle cost, they will be discussed in Chapter 7. Softwares Adopted in Pilot Study eQUEST eQUEST is a 6D BIM softwares that provides whole building energy performance assessment. It is widely used and popular in United States and Canada because of its high accuracy. With its wizards and dynamic defaults, eQUEST can rapidly conduct whole-building performance simulation analysis and generate various energy consumption reports, such as Annual Energy Consumption by Enduse report. Besides, eQUEST is able to assess the performance of building throughout the entire design process, from the conceptual stage to the final stage of design. About the simulation engine of eQUEST, DOE 2.2 is also popular within various BIM softwares because of its widely used. Last but not least, eQUEST has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 140 which is a well-known international standard. Microsoft Excel 2013 Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft. It has been widely used in different industry because of its fantastic application in calculation and graphing tools. Apart from the special features of forming two-dimensional and a very limited three-dimensional graph, Microsoft Excel still has the basic features of spreadsheet, such as using the numbered rows and the numbered columns to define the location of the cells. Declaration for Software Adoption It is declared that this paper has no relationship or connection with the developer of software mentioned above, namely, eQUEST and Microsoft. Those softwares have been used because of three reasons. First of all, they are capable to perform the assessment, such as energy consumption assessment, required in this study. Secondly, they are well-known softwares in the construction industry for assessing building performance in energy usage and life cycle cost calculation. Finally, those softwares have developed education or free visions in which students or the public can download from its official website. Discussion After the sustainable performance assessment via BIM environment, the discussion about the integration of BIM and sustainable assessment will be conducted. The benefits and ambiguous encountered by 6D BIM can be identified in the process of assessment, especially for eQUEST. Furthermore, the results of curtain wall systems in energy and economic aspect will be consolidated and form an overall performance assessment. The most economic, environmental and optimum types of curtain wall system can be selected by different graphs. Conclusion and Recommendation After the stage mentioned above, the findings about the features of the curtain wall system and energy consumption can be consolidated at this stage. Also, limitations that restrict the accuracy of the study would be pointed out in chapter 9. Besides, some recommendations for further study about the improvement of the integration between BIM and sustainable assessment of the building would be made.

The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics Essay -- Ethics

The American Nurses Association (ANA) is an organization with a strong ethical foundation. Nurses in general are known as an honest and trustworthy profession in the United States. This reputation was created because of nursing organizations like the ANA. In this paper the ANA’s goals are described and tied to their ethical principles. The role and importance of the ANA’s ethical values are explored. A discussion of the ANA’s culture and ethical decision making is described. The ANA’s ethical values and how they support author’s ethical views is explained and last the ANA’s social responsibility to the community. ANA’s goals and ethical principles The ANA’s goals are to provide a unified focus of professional, competent, and ethical care to all patients. To treat every patient with dignity, respect, and compassion free from any personal judgment of race, social or economic status, personal disparities, or disregard to health status. The Nursing organization strives to provide equal care to all individuals with their primary focus on the patient, without regard to outside influences, such as the media, family, or the community. Nurses are accountable for the best welfare of the patient while in his or her care. They must respect professional boundaries, to include the privacy and confidentiality of the patient and family. Nurses must maintain a respect for human dignity, and hold in highest regard the importance of the patient’s best interests. The nurse’s duties include the responsibility to follow guidelines and regulations, acting only on duties within the scope of the professional practice. The nursing organization also has responsibilities to the public in maintaining awareness and knowledge regarding the health and welf... ...unity education and wellness and especially to the response efforts during disasters. The ANA is there for the wellbeing and ethical treatment of all mankind. Works Cited American College of Healthcare Executives. (2011). Creating an ethical culture within the healthcare organization. Retrieved from http://www.ache.org/policy/environ.cfm International Institute for Sustainable Development. (2012). Corporate social responsibility. Retrieved from http://www.iisd.org/business/issues/sr.aspx Rakichevikj, G., Strezoska, J., & Najdeska, K. (2010). Professional Ethics-- Basic component of organizational culture. Tourism & Hospitality Management, 1168-1177. Wright, D., Brajtman, S. (2011). Nursing Ethics, relational and embodied knowing: Nursing ethics within the inter-professional team. Vol.18 Issue 1, p20-30. Sage Publications at EBSCO Host